ǿpa

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• œpa

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wōpijaną. Cognate with Old English wēpan (whence English weep).

Verb

ǿpa

1. to cry out, shout
   • 800s, Anonymous, Hávamǫ́l (‘the speeches of the High One’), stanza 138

     Við hlęifi mik sældut / né við hornigi
     nýsta’k niðr / nam’k upp rúnar
     ǿpandi nam / fell’k aptr þaðan.

     By loaf one gladdened me not, nor by any horn; I peered down, I took up the runes; screaming I took them; I fell back thence.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ǿpa — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	ǿpa
present participle	ǿpandi
past participle	ǿptr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	ǿpi	ǿpta
2nd-person singular	ǿpir	ǿptir
3rd-person singular	ǿpir	ǿpti
1st-person plural	ǿpum	ǿptum
2nd-person plural	ǿpið	ǿptuð
3rd-person plural	ǿpa	ǿptu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	ǿpa	ǿpta
2nd-person singular	ǿpir	ǿptir
3rd-person singular	ǿpi	ǿpti
1st-person plural	ǿpim	ǿptim
2nd-person plural	ǿpið	ǿptið
3rd-person plural	ǿpi	ǿpti
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ǿp, ǿpi
1st-person plural	ǿpum
2nd-person plural	ǿpið

Conjugation of ǿpa — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	ǿpask
present participle	ǿpandisk
past participle	ǿpzk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	ǿpumk	ǿptumk
2nd-person singular	ǿpisk	ǿptisk
3rd-person singular	ǿpisk	ǿptisk
1st-person plural	ǿpumsk	ǿptumsk
2nd-person plural	ǿpizk	ǿptuzk
3rd-person plural	ǿpask	ǿptusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	ǿpumk	ǿptumk
2nd-person singular	ǿpisk	ǿptisk
3rd-person singular	ǿpisk	ǿptisk
1st-person plural	ǿpimsk	ǿptimsk
2nd-person plural	ǿpizk	ǿptizk
3rd-person plural	ǿpisk	ǿptisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ǿpsk, ǿpisk
1st-person plural	ǿpumsk
2nd-person plural	ǿpizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: æpa
• Faroese: øpa, epa
• Norwegian Bokmål: øpe
• Old Swedish: ø̄pa
• Old Danish: ø̄pæ