κιθάρα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• κῐθᾰ́ρη (kithárē) — Ionic

Etymology

According to Beekes, acquired from Pre-Greek. Probably ultimately derived from or at least related to Proto-Hurro-Urartian *kinnar (“lyre, harp”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ki.tʰá.raː/ → /ciˈθa.ra/ → /ciˈθa.ra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ki.tʰá.raː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kiˈtʰa.ra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ciˈθa.ra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ciˈθa.ra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ciˈθa.ra/

Noun

κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ • (kithárā) f (genitive κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς); first declension

1. lyre
   1. lyre-playing
2. (in the plural) the ribs of the horse
3. ivy

Inflection

First declension of ἡ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ; τῆς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ hē kithárā	τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ tṑ kithárā	αἱ κῐθᾰ́ραι hai kithárai
Genitive	τῆς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς tês kithárās	τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν toîn kithárain	τῶν κῐθᾰρῶν tôn kitharôn
Dative	τῇ κῐθᾰ́ρᾳ têi kithárāi	τοῖν κῐθᾰ́ραιν toîn kithárain	ταῖς κῐθᾰ́ραις taîs kithárais
Accusative	τὴν κῐθᾰ́ρᾱν tḕn kithárān	τὼ κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ tṑ kithárā	τᾱ̀ς κῐθᾰ́ρᾱς tā̀s kithárās
Vocative	κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ kithárā	κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ kithárā	κῐθᾰ́ραι kithárai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• (lyre): λύρα (lúra), φόρμιγξ (phórminx), ψάλτιγξ (psáltinx)
• (ribs): κίθαρος (kítharos)

Descendants

• → Latin: cithara (see there for further descendants)
• → Aramaic: קיתרא
  • Classical Syriac: ܩܝܬܪܐ
• → Old Armenian: կիթառ (kitʻaṙ)

References

• “κιθάρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κιθάρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κιθάρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• G2788 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • harp idem, page 386.
  • lyre idem, page 506.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 694f
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2019) “Armenian musical instruments: three etymologies”, in Tatevik Shakhkulyan, editor, Komitas Museum-Institute Yearbook, vol. IV‎^[2], Yerevan: Komitas Museum-Institute, pages 187–189

Greek

Etymology

Semantic loan from Italian chitarra (from Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra), from Latin cithara), adapted to the form of Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ciˈθa.ra/

Noun

κιθάρα • (kithára) f (plural κιθάρες)

1. guitar

Declension

Declension of κιθάρα

	singular	plural
nominative	κιθάρα •	κιθάρες •
genitive	κιθάρας •	κιθαρών •
accusative	κιθάρα •	κιθάρες •
vocative	κιθάρα •	κιθάρες •

Derived terms

• ακουστική κιθάρα f (akoustikí kithára, “acoustic guitar”)
• άταστη κιθάρα f (átasti kithára, “fretless guitar”)
• ηλεκτρική κιθάρα f (ilektrikí kithára, “electric guitar”)
• κιθαρίστα m (kitharísta, “guitarist”)
• κιθαρίστας m (kitharístas, “guitarist”) (Katharevousa)
• κιθαριστής f (kitharistís, “guitarist”)
• κιθαρίστρια f (kitharístria, “guitarist”)
• κλασσική κιθάρα f (klassikí kithára, “classical guitar”)
• λαϊκή κιθάρα f (laïkí kithára, “folk guitar”)
• μπασοκίθαρο n (basokítharo, “bass guitar”)
• ρωσική κιθάρα f (rosikí kithára, “Russian guitar”)

 

Further reading

• κιθάρα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el