жуля
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Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žuliti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]жу́ля • (žúlja) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective жу́лна)
- (transitive) to scour, to scrub, to chafe
- (intransitive) to sting, to prick (of feeling)
- (reflexive with се) to get scoured
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of жу́ля (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | жу́лещ žúlešt |
жу́лил, жули́л1 žúlil, žulíl1 |
жу́лел žúlel |
— | жу́лейки žúlejki | |
| definite subject form | жу́лещият žúleštijat |
жу́лилият, жули́лият1 žúlilijat, žulílijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | жу́лещия žúleštija |
жу́лилия, жули́лия1 žúlilija, žulílija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | жу́леща žúlešta |
жу́лила, жули́ла1 žúlila, žulíla1 |
жу́лела žúlela |
— | ||
| definite | жу́лещата žúleštata |
жу́лилата, жули́лата1 žúlilata, žulílata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | жу́лещо žúlešto |
жу́лило, жули́ло1 žúlilo, žulílo1 |
жу́лело žúlelo |
— | жу́лене žúlene | |
| definite | жу́лещото žúleštoto |
жу́лилото, жули́лото1 žúliloto, žulíloto1 |
— | — | жу́ленето žúleneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | жу́лещи žúlešti |
жу́лили, жули́ли1 žúlili, žulíli1 |
жу́лели žúleli |
— | жу́ления, жу́ленета žúlenija, žúleneta | |
| definite | жу́лещите žúleštite |
жу́лилите, жули́лите1 žúlilite, žulílite1 |
— | — | жу́ленията, жу́ленетата žúlenijata, žúlenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | жу́ля žúlja |
жу́лиш žúliš |
жу́ли žúli |
жу́лим žúlim |
жу́лите žúlite |
жу́лят žúljat | |
| imperfect | жу́лех žúleh |
жу́леше žúleše |
жу́леше žúleše |
жу́лехме žúlehme |
жу́лехте žúlehte |
жу́леха žúleha | |
| aorist | жу́лих, жули́х1 žúlih, žulíh1 |
жу́ли, жули́1 žúli, žulí1 |
жу́ли, жули́1 žúli, žulí1 |
жу́лихме, жули́хме1 žúlihme, žulíhme1 |
жу́лихте, жули́хте1 žúlihte, žulíhte1 |
жу́лиха, жули́ха1 žúliha, žulíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and жу́лел m, жу́лела f, жу́лело n, or жу́лели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and жу́лел m, жу́лела f, жу́лело n, or жу́лели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́лел m, жу́лела f, жу́лело n, or жу́лели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and жу́лил/жули́л1 m, жу́лила/жули́ла1 f, жу́лило/жули́ло1 n, or жу́лили/жули́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| жули́ žulí |
жуле́те žuléte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
[edit]- жу́лвам (žúlvam) (semelfactive)
- зажуля pf (zažulja), зажулвам impf (zažulvam)
- изжуля pf (izžulja), изжулвам impf (izžulvam)
- нажуля pf (nažulja), нажулвам impf (nažulvam)
- ожуля pf (ožulja), ожулвам impf (ožulvam)
- пожуля pf (požulja), пожулвам impf (požulvam)
- жу́лка (žúlka) (instrumental noun)
Related terms
[edit]- гуля́й (guljáj, “feast”), гуля́я (guljája, “to feast”) (o-grade ablaut)
- жула́вя (žulávja) / жуля́вя (žuljávja, “to chew, to grind with teeth”) (dialectal)
References
[edit]- “жуля”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “жуля”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1897) “жю́лѭ, -ишь; -ли́лъ (жю́лвамь, да жю́лнѫ)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 25
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жуля, жулна, жулвам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 558
Categories:
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio links
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian verbs
- Bulgarian imperfective verbs
- Bulgarian transitive verbs
- Bulgarian intransitive verbs
- Bulgarian reflexive verbs
- Bulgarian conjugation 2.1 verbs