خام

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See also: حام, جام, and چام

Arabic

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Persian خام (xâm, raw).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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خَام (ḵām)

  1. raw, crude, unprocessed

Declension

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Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Persian خام (xâm, raw).

Adjective

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خام (ham)

  1. raw, uncooked, not cooked
    Synonym: چیك (çiğ)
  2. raw, crude, unrefined
  3. unripe, immature, green
  4. untrained, unaccustomed to work
  5. inexperienced, raw, unseasoned
  6. ill-considered, unreasonable

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Turkish: ham

Further reading

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Pashto

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Etymology

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From Persian خام (xâm). Doublet of اوم (um) which was inherited.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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خام (xâm)

  1. raw, uncooked (of food)
  2. unpaved (of a road)
  3. unripe (of fruit)

Synonyms

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Persian

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Etymology

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From Middle Persian [script needed] (hʾm /⁠xām⁠/, crude, raw), from Proto-Iranian *HaHmáh, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mós (raw, uncooked). Cognate with Baluchi هامَگ (hāmag, crude, raw, unripe), Pashto اوم (um, raw, uncooked), Sanskrit आम (āma, raw, uncooked), Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmós, raw, crude).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? xām
Dari reading? xām
Iranian reading? xâm
Tajik reading? xom

Adjective

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Dari خام
Iranian Persian
Tajik хом

خام (xâm) (comparative خام‌تَر (xâm-tar), superlative خام‌تَرین (xâm-tarin))

  1. raw; crude; uncooked; unrefined
    گوشت خامgušt-e xâmraw meat
    لاستیک خامlâstik-e xâmraw rubber
    سنگ خامsang-e xâmraw ore
    شکر خامšekar-e xâmunrefined sugar
  2. (figurative)
    1. fresh; green; inexperienced, untrained
      جوان خامjavân-e xâminexperienced young man/woman
    2. vain; idle (of thoughts, etc.)
      آرزوی خامârezu-ye xâmidle wish
    3. bungled, unfinished, poor in quality
      کار خامkâr-e xâmbungled work
      • c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Pōrān Dukht”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎[5]:
        یکی دختری بود پوران بنام
        چو زن شاه شد کارها گشت خام
        بران تخت شاهیش بنشاندند
        بزرگان برو گوهر افشاندند
        yakē duxtarē būd pōrān ba nām
        čū zan šāh šud kār-hā gašt xām
        bar ān taxt-i šāhī-š binišāndand
        buzurgān bar ō gawhar afšāndand
        There was a girl, Pōrān by name;
        When a woman has become king, affairs have gone bungled.
        [But] she was placed on the royal throne,
        And the great ones scattered jewels upon her.
        (Classical Persian romanization)

Descendants

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References

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  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “xām”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 93
  • Vullers, Johann August (1855) “خام”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[6] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 646

Southeast Pashayi

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Noun

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خام (xām)

  1. boy

Further reading

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