شمس
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Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the root ش م س (š-m-s), the noun “sun” inherited from Proto-Semitic *śamš-.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (sun): IPA(key): /ʃams/
- (sun):
Audio: (file) - (to expose to the sun): IPA(key): /ʃam.ma.sa/
- (to be headstrong): IPA(key): /ʃa.ma.sa/
- (to be sunny): IPA(key): /ʃa.mi.sa/
- (to be sunny): IPA(key): /ʃa.ma.sa/
- (being sunny): IPA(key): /ʃa.mas/
Noun
[edit]شَمْس • (šams) f (plural شُمُوس (šumūs))
- sun
- تُشْرِقُ ٱلشَّمْسُ كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ وَتُنِيرُ ٱلْعَالَمَ بِنُورِهَا.
- tušriqu š-šamsu kulla ṣabāḥin watunīru l-ʕālama binūrihā.
- The sun rises every morning and illuminates the world with its light.
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun شَمْس (šams)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمْس šams |
الشَّمْس aš-šams |
شَمْس šams |
Nominative | شَمْسٌ šamsun |
الشَّمْسُ aš-šamsu |
شَمْسُ šamsu |
Accusative | شَمْسًا šamsan |
الشَّمْسَ aš-šamsa |
شَمْسَ šamsa |
Genitive | شَمْسٍ šamsin |
الشَّمْسِ aš-šamsi |
شَمْسِ šamsi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَمْسَيْن šamsayn |
الشَّمْسَيْن aš-šamsayn |
شَمْسَيْ šamsay |
Nominative | شَمْسَانِ šamsāni |
الشَّمْسَانِ aš-šamsāni |
شَمْسَا šamsā |
Accusative | شَمْسَيْنِ šamsayni |
الشَّمْسَيْنِ aš-šamsayni |
شَمْسَيْ šamsay |
Genitive | شَمْسَيْنِ šamsayni |
الشَّمْسَيْنِ aš-šamsayni |
شَمْسَيْ šamsay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شُمُوس šumūs |
الشُّمُوس aš-šumūs |
شُمُوس šumūs |
Nominative | شُمُوسٌ šumūsun |
الشُّمُوسُ aš-šumūsu |
شُمُوسُ šumūsu |
Accusative | شُمُوسًا šumūsan |
الشُّمُوسَ aš-šumūsa |
شُمُوسَ šumūsa |
Genitive | شُمُوسٍ šumūsin |
الشُّمُوسِ aš-šumūsi |
شُمُوسِ šumūsi |
Descendants
[edit]- Maltese: xemx
- Moroccan Arabic: شمش (šamš), شمس (šams)
- → Malay: شمس, syamsi
- → Indonesian: syamsi
- → Ottoman Turkish: شمس (şems)
- Turkish: şems
- → Uzbek: shams
Verb
[edit]شَمَسَ • (šamasa) I, non-past يَشْمُسُ (yašmusu)
- to be headstrong, to be restive
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
شَمَسَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns شُمُوس or شِمَاس)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
šumūs or šimās | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāmis | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šamastu |
šamasta |
شَمَسَ šamasa |
šamastumā |
šamasā |
šamasnā |
šamastum |
šamasū | |||
f | šamasti |
šamasat |
šamasatā |
šamastunna |
šamasna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašmusu |
tašmusu |
yašmusu |
tašmusāni |
yašmusāni |
našmusu |
tašmusūna |
yašmusūna | |||
f | tašmusīna |
tašmusu |
tašmusāni |
tašmusna |
yašmusna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašmusa |
tašmusa |
yašmusa |
tašmusā |
yašmusā |
našmusa |
tašmusū |
yašmusū | |||
f | tašmusī |
tašmusa |
tašmusā |
tašmusna |
yašmusna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašmus |
tašmus |
yašmus |
tašmusā |
yašmusā |
našmus |
tašmusū |
yašmusū | |||
f | tašmusī |
tašmus |
tašmusā |
tašmusna |
yašmusna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ušmus |
ušmusā |
ušmusū |
||||||||
f | ušmusī |
ušmusna |
Verb
[edit]شَمَسَ • (šamasa) I, non-past يَشْمِسُ or يَشْمُسُ (yašmisu or yašmusu)
شَمِسَ • (šamisa) I, non-past يَشْمَسُ (yašmasu)
- to be sunny
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
شَمَسَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns شَمْس or شُمُوس)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
شَمْس or شُمُوس šams or šumūs | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāmis | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šamastu |
šamasta |
شَمَسَ šamasa |
šamastumā |
šamasā |
šamasnā |
šamastum |
šamasū | |||
f | šamasti |
šamasat |
šamasatā |
šamastunna |
šamasna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašmisu or ʔašmusu |
tašmisu or tašmusu |
yašmisu or yašmusu |
tašmisāni or tašmusāni |
yašmisāni or yašmusāni |
našmisu or našmusu |
tašmisūna or tašmusūna |
yašmisūna or yašmusūna | |||
f | tašmisīna or tašmusīna |
tašmisu or tašmusu |
tašmisāni or tašmusāni |
tašmisna or tašmusna |
yašmisna or yašmusna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašmisa or ʔašmusa |
tašmisa or tašmusa |
yašmisa or yašmusa |
tašmisā or tašmusā |
yašmisā or yašmusā |
našmisa or našmusa |
tašmisū or tašmusū |
yašmisū or yašmusū | |||
f | tašmisī or tašmusī |
tašmisa or tašmusa |
tašmisā or tašmusā |
tašmisna or tašmusna |
yašmisna or yašmusna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašmis or ʔašmus |
tašmis or tašmus |
yašmis or yašmus |
tašmisā or tašmusā |
yašmisā or yašmusā |
našmis or našmus |
tašmisū or tašmusū |
yašmisū or yašmusū | |||
f | tašmisī or tašmusī |
tašmis or tašmus |
tašmisā or tašmusā |
tašmisna or tašmusna |
yašmisna or yašmusna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | išmis or ušmus |
išmisā or ušmusā |
išmisū or ušmusū |
||||||||
f | išmisī or ušmusī |
išmisna or ušmusna |
Conjugation of
شَمِسَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun شَمَس)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
شَمَس šamas | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāmis | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šamistu |
šamista |
شَمِسَ šamisa |
šamistumā |
šamisā |
šamisnā |
šamistum |
šamisū | |||
f | šamisti |
šamisat |
šamisatā |
šamistunna |
šamisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašmasu |
tašmasu |
yašmasu |
tašmasāni |
yašmasāni |
našmasu |
tašmasūna |
yašmasūna | |||
f | tašmasīna |
tašmasu |
tašmasāni |
tašmasna |
yašmasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašmasa |
tašmasa |
yašmasa |
tašmasā |
yašmasā |
našmasa |
tašmasū |
yašmasū | |||
f | tašmasī |
tašmasa |
tašmasā |
tašmasna |
yašmasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašmas |
tašmas |
yašmas |
tašmasā |
yašmasā |
našmas |
tašmasū |
yašmasū | |||
f | tašmasī |
tašmas |
tašmasā |
tašmasna |
yašmasna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | išmas |
išmasā |
išmasū |
||||||||
f | išmasī |
išmasna |
Verb
[edit]شَمَّسَ • (šammasa) II, non-past يُشَمِّسُ (yušammisu)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
شَمَّسَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tašmīs | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mušammis | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mušammas | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šammastu |
šammasta |
شَمَّسَ šammasa |
šammastumā |
šammasā |
šammasnā |
šammastum |
šammasū | |||
f | šammasti |
šammasat |
šammasatā |
šammastunna |
šammasna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušammisu |
tušammisu |
yušammisu |
tušammisāni |
yušammisāni |
nušammisu |
tušammisūna |
yušammisūna | |||
f | tušammisīna |
tušammisu |
tušammisāni |
tušammisna |
yušammisna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušammisa |
tušammisa |
yušammisa |
tušammisā |
yušammisā |
nušammisa |
tušammisū |
yušammisū | |||
f | tušammisī |
tušammisa |
tušammisā |
tušammisna |
yušammisna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušammis |
tušammis |
yušammis |
tušammisā |
yušammisā |
nušammis |
tušammisū |
yušammisū | |||
f | tušammisī |
tušammis |
tušammisā |
tušammisna |
yušammisna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | شَمِّسْ šammis |
šammisā |
šammisū |
||||||||
f | šammisī |
šammisna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šummistu |
šummista |
شُمِّسَ šummisa |
šummistumā |
šummisā |
šummisnā |
šummistum |
šummisū | |||
f | šummisti |
šummisat |
šummisatā |
šummistunna |
šummisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušammasu |
tušammasu |
yušammasu |
tušammasāni |
yušammasāni |
nušammasu |
tušammasūna |
yušammasūna | |||
f | tušammasīna |
tušammasu |
tušammasāni |
tušammasna |
yušammasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušammasa |
tušammasa |
yušammasa |
tušammasā |
yušammasā |
nušammasa |
tušammasū |
yušammasū | |||
f | tušammasī |
tušammasa |
tušammasā |
tušammasna |
yušammasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušammas |
tušammas |
yušammas |
tušammasā |
yušammasā |
nušammas |
tušammasū |
yušammasū | |||
f | tušammasī |
tušammas |
tušammasā |
tušammasna |
yušammasna |
Noun
[edit]شَمَس • (šamas) m
- verbal noun of شَمِسَ (šamisa) (form I)
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun شَمَس (šamas)
References
[edit]- Freytag, Georg (1833) “شمس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 450
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “شمس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1269
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شمس”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 555
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “شمس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شمس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 674
Malay
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic شَمْس (šams), from Proto-Semitic *śamš-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]شمس (Rumi spelling syamsi or syamsu)
- sun (the star around which the Earth revolves)
Synonyms
[edit]Moroccan Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]شمس • (šams) f (plural شموس (šmūs) or شموسة (šmūsa))
- Alternative form of شمش (šamš)
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Arabic شَمْس (šams), from Proto-Semitic *śamš-.
Noun
[edit]شمس • (şems)
Synonyms
[edit]South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ش م س |
4 terms |
Etymology 1
[edit]From Arabic شَمَّسَ (šammasa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]شمّس • (šammas) II (present بشمّس (bišammes), active participle مشمّس (mšammes))
- to be sunny
- to air, to spread out to dry in the sun
- شمّسنا الفراش.
- šammasna l-frāš
- We aired the bedding.
Usage notes
[edit]- In the first sense, this verb is usually conjugated in the feminine 3rd-person singular form, as الدنيا (id-dinya) is the implied subject.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of شمّس (šammas) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | شمّست (šammast) | شمّست (šammast) | شمّس (šammas) | شمّسنا (šammasna) | شمّستو (šammastu) | شمّسو (šammasu) | |
f | شمّستي (šammasti) | شمّست (šammasat) | ||||||
present | m | بشمّس (bašammes) | بتشمّس (bitšammes) | بشمّس (bišammes) | منشمّس (minšammes) | بتشمّسو (bitšammsu) | بشمّسو (bišammsu) | |
f | بتشمّسي (bitšammsi) | بتشمّس (bitšammes) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اشمّس (ašammes) | تشمّس (tšammes) | يشمّس (yšammes) | نشمّس (nšammes) | تشمّسو (tšammsu) | يشمّسو (yšammsu) | |
f | تشمّسي (tšammsi) | تشمّس (tšammes) | ||||||
imperative | m | شمّس (šammes) | شمّسو (šammsu) | |||||
f | شمّسي (šammsi) |
See also
[edit]Weather · الطقس (iṭ-ṭaʔs) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sunny | Rainy | Snowy | Cloudy | Dark | |
Verb | شمّس (šammas) | شتّى (šatta) | تلّج (tallaj) | غيّم (ḡayyam) | عتّم (ʕattam) |
Adjective | مشمّس (mšammes) | مشتّي (mšatti) | متلّج (mtallej) | مغيّم (mḡayyem) | عتم (ʕitm) |
Noun | شمس (šams) | شتا (šita) | تلج (tilj) | غيم (ḡēm) | عتمة (ʕatme) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]شمس • (šams) f
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- قمر (ʔamar, “moon”)
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ش م س
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic feminine nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs by conjugation
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs
- Arabic verbs lacking passive forms
- Arabic intransitive verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- ar:Celestial bodies
- Malay terms derived from Arabic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/si
- Rhymes:Malay/su
- Rhymes:Malay/i
- Rhymes:Malay/u
- Malay lemmas
- Malay proper nouns
- ms:Celestial bodies
- Moroccan Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic 1-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Moroccan Arabic terms with audio links
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic nouns
- Moroccan Arabic feminine nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Celestial bodies
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ش م س
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic verbs
- South Levantine Arabic form-II verbs
- South Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- ajp:Weather
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic feminine nouns
- ajp:Sun