चतुरङ्ग

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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Compound of चतुर् (catur, four) +‎ अङ्ग (aṅga, limb, member)

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga) stem

  1. having 4 limbs
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.92.11:
      ते हि द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी भूरि॑रेतसा॒ नरा॒शंस॒श्चतु॑रङ्गो य॒मोऽदि॑तिः।
      दे॒वस्त्वष्टा॑ द्रविणो॒दा ऋ॑भु॒क्षण॒: प्र रो॑द॒सी म॒रुतो॒ विष्णु॑रर्हिरे॥
      té hí dyā́vāpṛthivī́ bhū́riretasā nárāśáṃsaścáturaṅgo yamóʼditiḥ.
      devástváṣṭā draviṇodā́ ṛbhukṣáṇa: prá rodasī́ marúto víṣṇurarhire.
      They the heaven and earth, abounding with waters, the Narāśaṃsa rite with its four limbs, Yama, Aditi, the divine Tvaṣṭā, (Agni) the giver of wealth, the Ṛbhus, Rodasī, the Maruts, and Viṣṇu are worshipped by us.
  2. (with बल (bala, an army)) comprising (4 parts, viz.) elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry (MBh. III, 790, R. II, 51, 7)

Declension

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Masculine a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग
Nom. sg. चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ)
Gen. sg. चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ)
Vocative चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ)
Accusative चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) चतुरङगान् (caturaṅagān)
Instrumental चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ)
Dative चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ)
Ablative चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ)
Genitive चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām)
Locative चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu)
Feminine ā-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग
Nom. sg. चतुरङगा (caturaṅagā)
Gen. sg. चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative चतुरङगा (caturaṅagā) चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ)
Vocative चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ)
Accusative चतुरङगाम् (caturaṅagām) चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ)
Instrumental चतुरङगया (caturaṅagayā) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगाभिः (caturaṅagābhiḥ)
Dative चतुरङगायै (caturaṅagāyai) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगाभ्यः (caturaṅagābhyaḥ)
Ablative चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगाभ्यः (caturaṅagābhyaḥ)
Genitive चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅagāyāḥ) चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām)
Locative चतुरङगायाम् (caturaṅagāyām) चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) चतुरङगासु (caturaṅagāsu)
Neuter a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग
Nom. sg. चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam)
Gen. sg. चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi)
Vocative चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi)
Accusative चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅagāṇi)
Instrumental चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ)
Dative चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ)
Ablative चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ)
Genitive चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām)
Locative चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu)

Noun

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चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga) stemm

  1. Cucumis utilissimus
  2. name of a son of रोमपाद (romapāda) or लोमपाद (lomapāda) (Hariv. 1697 f., BhP. IX, 23, 10)
  3. (scil. बल (bala)) = चतुरङ्गबल (cátur-aṅga-bala) (AV., Pariś. ??, MBh. IX, 446)
  4. (chess) a kind of chess (played by 4 parties) (Tithyād.)

Declension

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Masculine a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग
Nom. sg. चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ)
Gen. sg. चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative चतुरङगः (caturaṅagaḥ) चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ)
Vocative चतुरङग (caturaṅaga) चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) चतुरङगाः (caturaṅagāḥ)
Accusative चतुरङगम् (caturaṅagam) चतुरङगौ (caturaṅagau) चतुरङगान् (caturaṅagān)
Instrumental चतुरङगेण (caturaṅageṇa) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगैः (caturaṅagaiḥ)
Dative चतुरङगाय (caturaṅagāya) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ)
Ablative चतुरङगात् (caturaṅagāt) चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅagābhyām) चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅagebhyaḥ)
Genitive चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅagasya) चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅagāṇām)
Locative चतुरङगे (caturaṅage) चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅagayoḥ) चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅageṣu)

Descendants

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References

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  • Jacobi, Hermann (1896) “Ueber zwei ältere Erwähnungen des Schachspiels in der Sanskrit-Litteratur”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[1] (in German), volume 50, pages 227–233
  • Monier Williams (1899) “चतुरङ्ग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0384.