लक्षण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit लक्षण (lakṣaṇa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /lək.ʂəɳ/, [lɐk.ʃɐ̃ɳ]

Noun

लक्षण • (lakṣaṇ) m

1. sign, omen, premonition
2. characteristic
3. (medicine) symptom

Declension

Declension of लक्षण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	लक्षण lakṣaṇ	लक्षण lakṣaṇ
oblique	लक्षण lakṣaṇ	लक्षणों lakṣaṇõ
vocative	लक्षण lakṣaṇ	लक्षणो lakṣaṇo

Derived terms

• लाक्षणिक (lākṣaṇik)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• লক্ষণ (Assamese script)
• ᬮᬓ᭄ᬱᬡ (Balinese script)
• লক্ষণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰩𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• လက္ၑဏ (Burmese script)
• લક્ષણ (Gujarati script)
• ਲਕ੍ਸ਼ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌲𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦭꦏ꧀ꦰꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂪𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಲಕ್ಷಣ (Kannada script)
• លក្ឞណ (Khmer script)
• ລກ຺ຩຓ (Lao script)
• ലക്ഷണ (Malayalam script)
• ᠯᠠᡬᢢᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘩𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᠯᠠᢉᢔᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧉𑦮𑧠𑧌𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞 (Newa script)
• ଲକ୍ଷଣ (Odia script)
• ꢭꢒ꣄ꢰꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆬𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖩𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖜 (Siddham script)
• ලක්‍ෂණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩽𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚥𑚊𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
• லக்ஷண (Tamil script)
• లక్షణ (Telugu script)
• ลกฺษณ (Thai script)
• ལ་ཀྵ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒪𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨬𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

लक्ष् (lakṣ, root) +‎ -अन (-ana)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /lɐk.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈl̪ɐk.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

Noun

लक्षण • (lakṣaṇa) stem, n

1. sign, symbol, mark, token
2. attribute, quality, characteristic
3. description, definition
4. a mark on the body (especially a lucky or auspicious one)
5. designation, appellation

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of लक्षण (lakṣaṇa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	लक्षणम् lakṣaṇam	लक्षणे lakṣaṇe	लक्षणानि / लक्षणा¹ lakṣaṇāni / lakṣaṇā¹
Vocative	लक्षण lakṣaṇa	लक्षणे lakṣaṇe	लक्षणानि / लक्षणा¹ lakṣaṇāni / lakṣaṇā¹
Accusative	लक्षणम् lakṣaṇam	लक्षणे lakṣaṇe	लक्षणानि / लक्षणा¹ lakṣaṇāni / lakṣaṇā¹
Instrumental	लक्षणेन lakṣaṇena	लक्षणाभ्याम् lakṣaṇābhyām	लक्षणैः / लक्षणेभिः¹ lakṣaṇaiḥ / lakṣaṇebhiḥ¹
Dative	लक्षणाय lakṣaṇāya	लक्षणाभ्याम् lakṣaṇābhyām	लक्षणेभ्यः lakṣaṇebhyaḥ
Ablative	लक्षणात् lakṣaṇāt	लक्षणाभ्याम् lakṣaṇābhyām	लक्षणेभ्यः lakṣaṇebhyaḥ
Genitive	लक्षणस्य lakṣaṇasya	लक्षणयोः lakṣaṇayoḥ	लक्षणानाम् lakṣaṇānām
Locative	लक्षणे lakṣaṇe	लक्षणयोः lakṣaṇayoḥ	लक्षणेषु lakṣaṇeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: lakkhaṇa
  • → Burmese: လက္ခဏာ (lakhka.na)
  • → Thai: ลักขณะ
• Prakrit:
  • Bengali: লাকান (lakan), নাকান (nakan), নাহান (nahan), ন্যাহাল (nêhal), লাকাল (nêhal), লাগান (lagan), লাখান (lakhan), লাহান (lahan); নাকা (naka), নাকাল (nakal), নাগাল (nagal), নাহাল (nahal)
  • Punjabi: ਲੱਖਣ (lakkhaṇ), ਲੱਛਣ (lacchaṇ)
  • → Old Tamil: 𑀇𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀡𑀫𑁆 (ilakkaṇam)
    • Tamil: இலக்கணம் (ilakkaṇam)
    • Malayalam: ഇലക്കണം (ilakkaṇaṁ)
• → Bhojpuri: लच्छन (lacchan)
• → Sindhi: लच्छण
• → Hindi: लक्षण (lakṣaṇ)
• → Indonesian: laksana
• → Magahi: 𑂪𑂒𑂹𑂓𑂢 (lacchan)
• → Old Javanese: lakṣaṇa
  • > Javanese: ꦭꦏ꧀ꦱꦤ (laksana) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬮᬓ᭄ᬱᬡ (laksana)
  • → Indonesian: laksana (learned)
• → Tamil: லக்ஷணம் (lakṣaṇam), லட்சணம் (laṭcaṇam), இலட்சணம் (ilaṭcaṇam)
• → Thai: ลักษณะ (lák-sà-nà)

References

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “लक्षणम्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “lakṣaṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.