窈窕

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Chinese

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deep; quiet and elegant quiet and elegant
trad. (窈窕)
simp. #(窈窕)
alternative forms 杳窱杳𰩏
窈糾窈纠 “deep”
窈窱窈𰩏
䆗窱䆗𰩏

Etymology

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First syllable (OC *qiːwʔ, “deep, dim”) is probably cognate to (OC *qɯw, “dark”); second syllable (OC *l'eːwʔ, “to bore, to perforate”) is probably related to (OC *kʰleːwɢs, “hole”) (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • miu5 tiu5 - vernacular;
  • jiu2 tiu5 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (34) (7)
Final () (93) (93)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () IV IV
Fanqie
Baxter 'ewX dewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔeuX/ /deuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔeuX/ /deuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔeuX/ /deuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔɛwX/ /dɛwX/
Li
Rong
/ʔeuX/ /deuX/
Wang
Li
/ieuX/ /dieuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔieuX/ /dʱieuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǎo diào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jiu2 diu6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǎo tiǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔewX › ‹ dewX ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʔˁ[e]wʔ/ /*lˁ[e]wʔ/
English ʔewX-dewX hidden; deep 窈窕 beautiful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 15634 16893
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qiːwʔ/ /*l'eːwʔ/

Adjective

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窈窕

  1. (literary, of a woman) quiet and elegant; graceful and fair; gentle and beautiful
  2. (literary, of a woman) seductive; flirtatious
  3. (literary) deep; secluded; profound

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (窈窕):