茫茫

Chinese

		vague; vast	vague; vast
trad. (茫茫)		茫	茫
simp. #(茫茫)		茫	茫

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mángmáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ ㄇㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mong⁴ mong⁴

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòng-mòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bâng-bâng / bông-bông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mang⁵ mang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mángmáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ ㄇㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mángmáng
    • Wade–Giles: mang²-mang²
    • Yale: máng-máng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mangmang
    • Palladius: манман (manman)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑŋ³⁵ mɑŋ³⁵/
    • Homophones:

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      edit edit 忙忙 茫茫

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mong⁴ mong⁴
    • Yale: mòhng mòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴ mong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴ mong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹ mɔːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòng-mòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: mongˇ mongˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mong² mong²
    • Sinological IPA: /moŋ¹¹ moŋ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâng-bâng / bông-bông
    • Tâi-lô: bâng-bâng / bông-bông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bangbaang, bongboong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /baŋ²⁴⁻²² baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /baŋ²⁴⁻²² baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ¹³⁻²² baŋ¹³/, /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /baŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ²³⁻³³ baŋ²³/, /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ bɔŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mang⁵ mang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng mâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ maŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: mang mang

Rime
Character	茫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫郎切
Baxter	mang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maŋ/
Li Rong	/mɑŋ/
Wang Li	/mɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	máng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*maːŋ  maːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	茫
Reading #	1/1
No.	12641
Phonetic component	亡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	茫
Old Chinese	/*maːŋ/
Notes	見漢書

Adjective

茫茫

1. boundless and indistinct; vast

Derived terms

• 渺渺茫茫
• 灰茫茫
• 白茫茫 (báimángmáng)
• 茫茫一片
• 茫茫渺渺
• 茫茫然
• 茫茫苦海
• 茫茫蕩蕩／茫茫荡荡
• 霧茫茫／雾茫茫
• 黑茫茫