과하다
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Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]과(過) (gwa) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [과(ː)하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwahada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwahada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwahada |
| Yale Romanization? | kwāhata |
Adjective
[edit]과하다 • (gwahada) (infinitive 과해 or 과하여, sequential 과하니, hanja 過하다)
- to be excessive
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과하다 gwahada |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과합니다 gwahamnida |
| Past | 과했다 gwahaetda |
과했어 gwahaesseo |
과했어요 gwahaesseoyo |
과했습니다 gwahaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과하냐 gwahanya |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과합니까 gwahamnikka |
| Past | 과했냐 gwahaennya |
과했어 gwahaesseo |
과했어요 gwahaesseoyo |
과했습니까 gwahaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 과하겠다 gwahagetda |
과하겠어 gwahagesseo |
과하겠어요 gwahagesseoyo |
과하겠습니다 gwahagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과해 gwahae |
과해서, 과하여서 gwahaeseo, gwahayeoseo |
과하니 gwahani |
과하니까 gwahanikka | |
| Contrast | 과하지만 gwahajiman |
과한데 gwahande |
과하더니 gwahadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 과하고 gwahago |
||||
| Condition | 과하면 gwahamyeon |
과해야, 과하여야 gwahaeya, gwahayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과함 gwaham |
과하기 gwahagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과했음, 과하였음 gwahaesseum, gwahayeosseum |
과했기, 과하였기 gwahaetgi, gwahayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 과한 gwahan | |||
| Future | 과할 gwahal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과하시다 gwahasida |
과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo |
과하십니다 gwahasimnida |
| Past | 과하셨다 gwahasyeotda |
과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo |
과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo |
과하셨습니다 gwahasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과하시냐 gwahasinya |
과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo |
과하십니까 gwahasimnikka |
| Past | 과하셨냐 gwahasyeonnya |
과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo |
과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo |
과하셨습니까 gwahasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 과하시겠다 gwahasigetda |
과하시겠어 gwahasigesseo |
과하시겠어요 gwahasigesseoyo |
과하시겠습니다 gwahasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하셔서 gwahasyeoseo |
과하시니 gwahasini |
과하시니까 gwahasinikka | |
| Contrast | 과하시지만 gwahasijiman |
과하신데 gwahasinde |
과하시더니 gwahasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 과하시고 gwahasigo |
||||
| Condition | 과하시면 gwahasimyeon |
과하셔야 gwahasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과하심 gwahasim |
과하시기 gwahasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과하셨음 gwahasyeosseum |
과하셨기 gwahasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 과하신 gwahasin | |||
| Future | 과하실 gwahasil | ||||
Etymology 2
[edit]과(課) (gwa) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [과하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwahada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwahada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwahada |
| Yale Romanization? | kwahata |
Verb
[edit]과하다 • (gwahada) (infinitive 과해 or 과하여, sequential 과하니, hanja 課하다)
- to levy (a fine or tax); to lay, to impose (a restriction, an obligation, etc.)
- to set, to assign (a task, etc.)
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과한다 gwahanda |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과합니다 gwahamnida |
| Past | 과했다 gwahaetda |
과했어 gwahaesseo |
과했어요 gwahaesseoyo |
과했습니다 gwahaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과하느냐 gwahaneunya |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과합니까 gwahamnikka |
| Past | 과했느냐 gwahaenneunya |
과했어 gwahaesseo |
과했어요 gwahaesseoyo |
과했습니까 gwahaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 과하자 gwahaja |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과하십시다 gwahasipsida | |
| Imperative | 과해라, 과하여라 gwahaera, gwahayeora |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과합시오 gwahapsio | |
| Assertive | 과하겠다 gwahagetda |
과하겠어 gwahagesseo |
과하겠어요 gwahagesseoyo |
과하겠습니다 gwahagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과해 gwahae |
과해서, 과하여서 gwahaeseo, gwahayeoseo |
과하니 gwahani |
과하니까 gwahanikka | |
| Contrast | 과하지만 gwahajiman |
과하는데 gwahaneunde |
과하더니 gwahadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 과하고 gwahago |
||||
| Condition | 과하면 gwahamyeon |
과해야, 과하여야 gwahaeya, gwahayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 과하려고 gwaharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과함 gwaham |
과하기 gwahagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과했음, 과하였음 gwahaesseum, gwahayeosseum |
과했기, 과하였기 gwahaetgi, gwahayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 과한 gwahan | |||
| Present | 과하는 gwahaneun | ||||
| Future | 과할 gwahal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과하신다 gwahasinda |
과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo |
과하십니다 gwahasimnida |
| Past | 과하셨다 gwahasyeotda |
과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo |
과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo |
과하셨습니다 gwahasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과하시느냐 gwahasineunya |
과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo |
과하십니까 gwahasimnikka |
| Past | 과하셨느냐 gwahasyeonneunya |
과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo |
과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo |
과하셨습니까 gwahasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 과하시라 gwahasira |
과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하세요 gwahaseyo |
과하십시오 gwahasipsio | |
| Assertive | 과하시겠다 gwahasigetda |
과하시겠어 gwahasigesseo |
과하시겠어요 gwahasigesseoyo |
과하시겠습니다 gwahasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하셔서 gwahasyeoseo |
과하시니 gwahasini |
과하시니까 gwahasinikka | |
| Contrast | 과하시지만 gwahasijiman |
과하시는데 gwahasineunde |
과하시더니 gwahasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 과하시고 gwahasigo |
||||
| Condition | 과하시면 gwahasimyeon |
과하셔야 gwahasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 과하시려고 gwahasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과하심 gwahasim |
과하시기 gwahasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과하셨음 gwahasyeosseum |
과하셨기 gwahasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 과하신 gwahasin | |||
| Present | 과하시는 gwahasineun | ||||
| Future | 과하실 gwahasil | ||||
Etymology 3
[edit]과(科) (gwa) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [과하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwahada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwahada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwahada |
| Yale Romanization? | kwahata |
Verb
[edit]과하다 • (gwahada) (infinitive 과해 or 과하여, sequential 과하니, hanja 科하다)
- to impose (a sentence, penalty, or punishment)
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과한다 gwahanda |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과합니다 gwahamnida |
| Past | 과했다 gwahaetda |
과했어 gwahaesseo |
과했어요 gwahaesseoyo |
과했습니다 gwahaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과하느냐 gwahaneunya |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과합니까 gwahamnikka |
| Past | 과했느냐 gwahaenneunya |
과했어 gwahaesseo |
과했어요 gwahaesseoyo |
과했습니까 gwahaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 과하자 gwahaja |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과하십시다 gwahasipsida | |
| Imperative | 과해라, 과하여라 gwahaera, gwahayeora |
과해 gwahae |
과해요 gwahaeyo |
과합시오 gwahapsio | |
| Assertive | 과하겠다 gwahagetda |
과하겠어 gwahagesseo |
과하겠어요 gwahagesseoyo |
과하겠습니다 gwahagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과해 gwahae |
과해서, 과하여서 gwahaeseo, gwahayeoseo |
과하니 gwahani |
과하니까 gwahanikka | |
| Contrast | 과하지만 gwahajiman |
과하는데 gwahaneunde |
과하더니 gwahadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 과하고 gwahago |
||||
| Condition | 과하면 gwahamyeon |
과해야, 과하여야 gwahaeya, gwahayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 과하려고 gwaharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과함 gwaham |
과하기 gwahagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과했음, 과하였음 gwahaesseum, gwahayeosseum |
과했기, 과하였기 gwahaetgi, gwahayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 과한 gwahan | |||
| Present | 과하는 gwahaneun | ||||
| Future | 과할 gwahal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과하신다 gwahasinda |
과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo |
과하십니다 gwahasimnida |
| Past | 과하셨다 gwahasyeotda |
과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo |
과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo |
과하셨습니다 gwahasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과하시느냐 gwahasineunya |
과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하세요, 과하셔요 gwahaseyo, gwahasyeoyo |
과하십니까 gwahasimnikka |
| Past | 과하셨느냐 gwahasyeonneunya |
과하셨어 gwahasyeosseo |
과하셨어요 gwahasyeosseoyo |
과하셨습니까 gwahasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 과하시라 gwahasira |
과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하세요 gwahaseyo |
과하십시오 gwahasipsio | |
| Assertive | 과하시겠다 gwahasigetda |
과하시겠어 gwahasigesseo |
과하시겠어요 gwahasigesseoyo |
과하시겠습니다 gwahasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과하셔 gwahasyeo |
과하셔서 gwahasyeoseo |
과하시니 gwahasini |
과하시니까 gwahasinikka | |
| Contrast | 과하시지만 gwahasijiman |
과하시는데 gwahasineunde |
과하시더니 gwahasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 과하시고 gwahasigo |
||||
| Condition | 과하시면 gwahasimyeon |
과하셔야 gwahasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 과하시려고 gwahasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과하심 gwahasim |
과하시기 gwahasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과하셨음 gwahasyeosseum |
과하셨기 gwahasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 과하신 gwahasin | |||
| Present | 과하시는 gwahasineun | ||||
| Future | 과하실 gwahasil | ||||