πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *biwindanΔ…; cognate with Old English bewindan and Dutch bewinden. By surface analysis, 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +‎ *π…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ (*windan).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (biwindan)

  1. to wrap
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Matthew 27:59:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ½πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺 πŒΉπ‰πƒπŒ΄π† πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ πŒΉπ„πŒ° πƒπŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½πŒ° πŒ·π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌπŒΌπŒ°
      jah nimands ΓΎata leik iōsΔ“f biwand ita sabana hrainjamma
      And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth (KJV)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 15:46:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒΏπŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπƒπŒ½πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΉπ„πŒ° πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 πŒΉπ„πŒ° 𐌹𐌽 πŒ·πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°, πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ π…πŒ°πƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ³π‚πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½ πŒΏπƒ πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½ 𐌳𐌿 πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ° πŒΈπŒΉπƒ πŒ·πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπƒ.
      jah usbugjands lein jah usnimands ita biwand ΓΎamma leina jah galagida ita in hlaiwa, ΓΎatei was gadraban us staina, jah atwalwida stain du daura ΓΎis hlaiwis.
      And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre. (KJV)
  2. (specifically) to swaddle, wrap in swaddling clothes
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 2:7:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°π‚ πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒΏ πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ° 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 π†π‚πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽 πŒΏπŒΆπŒ΄π„πŒΉπŒ½, πŒΏπŒ½π„πŒ΄ 𐌽𐌹 π…πŒ°πƒ 𐌹𐌼 π‚πŒΏπŒΌπŒΉπƒ 𐌹𐌽 πƒπ„πŒ°πŒ³πŒ° 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰.
      jah gabar sunu seinana ΓΎana frumabaur jah biwand ina jah galagida ina in uzΔ“tin, untΔ“ ni was im rumis in stada ΓΎamma.
      And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. (KJV)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 2:12:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ π„πŒ°πŒΉπŒΊπŒ½πƒ: πŒ±πŒΉπŒ²πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒ³ πŒ±πŒ°π‚πŒ½ πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳 𐌹𐌽 πŒΏπŒΆπŒ΄π„πŒΉπŒ½.
      jah ΓΎata izwis taikns: bigitid barn biwundan jah galagid in uzΔ“tin.
      And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. (KJV)

Conjugation

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Class 3 strong
Infinitive πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½
biwindan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biwinda
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
biwand
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
biwindada
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπƒ
biwindis
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πƒπ„
biwanst
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
biwindaza
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒΈ
biwindiΓΎ
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
biwand
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
biwindada
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³π‰πƒ
biwindōs
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΏ
biwundu
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°π„πƒ
biwindats
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
biwunduts
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΌ
biwindam
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
biwundum
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biwindanda
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒΈ
biwindiΓΎ
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
biwunduΓΎ
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biwindanda
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
biwindand
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
biwundun
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biwindanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biwindau
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
biwundjau
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biwindaidau
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
biwindais
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
biwundeis
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
biwindaizau
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉ
biwindai
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉ
biwundi
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biwindaidau
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
biwindaiwa
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
biwundeiwa
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
biwindaits
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
biwundeits
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
biwindaima
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
biwundeima
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biwindaindau
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
biwindaiΓΎ
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biwundeiΓΎ
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biwindaindau
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
biwindaina
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
biwundeina
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biwindaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³
biwind
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biwindadau
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°π„πƒ
biwindats
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒΈ
biwindiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biwindandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
biwindands
πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒΏπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
biwundans

Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 175