Reconstruction:Azerbaijani/imək

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This Azerbaijani entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Azerbaijani

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *er- (to be).[1] Negative forms are from deyil, from Proto-Turkic *degül. Alongside stem suppletion, (suffixed) simple copulas -dir are from Proto-Turkic *tur- (cf. durmaq (to stand)); -əm, -sən, and -siniz are from personal pronouns (cf. mən, sən and siz); while -ik are from Proto-Turkic *-ik (suppletive morpheme to *biŕ). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 ( /⁠er-⁠/), Turkish *imek, and Uzbek *emoq.

Verb

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*imək (irregular) (defective)

  1. (copulative) to be

Conjugation

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Missing forms are supplied by the present simple copulas (between parentheses in the table below), and by olmaq. Thus, the actual infinitive form of *imek is olmaq, as the verb serves as infinitive of *imek and itself.

This verb lacks infinitive and other forms; the negative form deyil should not be confused with the infinitive deyilmək, which is derived from demək +‎ -il and thus unrelated.

Usage notes

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  • When compounded, for example the verb sahib *imək has infinitive form of sahib olmaq (this can confused with the same verb). This verb can be conjugated by using the verb olmaq (sahib olduq); the defective verb *imek (sahib idik); or by suffixing (sahibdik) whilst retaining imişdi-miş idi (sahibmiş idik) and the olmaq and deyil suppletions (sahib deyildik, sahib olmağacaq).

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*er-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill