Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hafraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *habraz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“buck, male goat”). Cognate with Latin caper (“goat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑɸ.rɑz/

Noun

*hafraz m

1. he-goat

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hafraz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hafraz	*hafrōz, *hafrōs
vocative	*hafr	*hafrōz, *hafrōs
accusative	*hafrą	*hafranz
genitive	*hafras, *hafris	*hafrǫ̂
dative	*hafrai	*haframaz
instrumental	*hafrō	*haframiz

Related terms

• *habrô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hafr
  • Old English: hæfer
  • Old Saxon: *havar
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: hāverbuk, hāverbok
  • Old High German: *habar
    • Middle High German: *haber
      • ⇒ German: Habergeiß (“folkloric caprine demon”) (dialectal)
• Proto-Norse: ᚺᛡᛒᛟᚱᚢᛗᛦ (hᴀborumʀ /⁠haβᵒrumʀ⁠/) (dative plural) [550–600 CE, Stentoften stone]
  • Old Norse: hafr
    • Icelandic: hafur
    • Faroese: havur
• → Proto-Finnic: *kapris (see there for further descendants)