Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hataz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d-es-, from *ḱeh₂d- (“strong emotion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ.tɑz/

Noun

*hataz n

1. hate

Inflection

z-stemDeclension of *hataz (z-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hataz	*hatizō
vocative	*hataz	*hatizō
accusative	*hataz	*hatizō
genitive	*hatiziz	*hatizǫ̂
dative	*hatizi	*hatizumaz
instrumental	*hatizē	*hatizumiz

Derived terms

• *hatāną
• *hatjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hati m
  • Old English: hete
    • Middle English: hete, het; hate, ate, haate, hat, hatte (influenced by the verb)
      • English: hate
      • Scots: hate, hait, heit
  • Old Frisian: hat
    • West Frisian: haat
  • Old Saxon: *hat, heti
    • Middle Low German: hat, hāte
      • German Low German: Haat
      • Plautdietsch: Hot
  • Old Dutch: *hat
    • Middle Dutch: hat, hāte
      • Dutch: haat
        • Afrikaans: haat
      • Limburgish: haat
  • Old High German: haz
    • Middle High German: haz
      • German: Hass
      • Luxembourgish: Haass
    • Yiddish: האַס (has)
  • → Vulgar Latin: *hatina
    • Old French: haine, haïne; haïnus, haïnos
      • Bourguignon: haine
      • Middle French: haine; haineux, haigneux
        • French: haine; haineux
      • → Middle English: heinous, hainous
        • English: heinous
• Old Norse: hatr
  • Icelandic: hatur
  • Faroese: hatur
  • Norwegian: hat
  • Old Swedish: hat
    • Swedish: hat
  • Danish: had
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis)