Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kalbaz (“calf”) +‎ *-ōną.

Verb

*kalbōną

1. to calve

Inflection

Conjugation of *kalbōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kalbō	*kalbǭ	—	*kalbōi	?
2nd singular	*kalbōsi	*kalbōs	*kalbō	*kalbōsai	*kalbōsau
3rd singular	*kalbōþi	*kalbō	*kalbōþau	*kalbōþai	*kalbōþau
1st dual	*kalbōs	*kalbōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kalbōþiz	*kalbōþiz	*kalbōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kalbōmaz	*kalbōm	—	*kalbōnþai	*kalbōnþau
2nd plural	*kalbōþ	*kalbōþ	*kalbōþ	*kalbōnþai	*kalbōnþau
3rd plural	*kalbōnþi	*kalbōn	*kalbōnþau	*kalbōnþai	*kalbōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kalbōdǭ	*kalbōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kalbōdēz	*kalbōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kalbōdē	*kalbōdēdī
1st dual	*kalbōdēdū	*kalbōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kalbōdēdudiz	*kalbōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kalbōdēdum	*kalbōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kalbōdēdud	*kalbōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kalbōdēdun	*kalbōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kalbōndz	*kalbōdaz

Related terms

• *kalbijaną
  • Old Norse: kelfa
    • Icelandic: kelfa
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: kjelva, kjelve
      • → Scots: kail, kel
    • Danish: kælve

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kalbōn
  • Old English: ċealfian
    • Middle English: calven
      • English: calve
      • Scots: cauve, cauf, cawf, caulf
  • Old Frisian: *kālia
    • Saterland Frisian: koolvje
    • West Frisian: kealje
  • Old Saxon: *kalvōn
    • Middle Low German: kalven
      • German Low German: kalven
  • Old Dutch: *calvon
    • Middle Dutch: calven
      • Dutch: kalven
  • Old High German: *kalbōn
    • Middle High German: kalben
      • German: kalben
• Old Norse: *kalfa
  • Icelandic: kálfa
  • Faroese: kálva
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kalva, kalve
  • Norwegian Bokmål: kalve
  • Swedish: kalva