Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *kunungaz

Etymology

From *kunją +‎ *-ingaz, 'someone of the family'.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈku.niŋ.ɡɑz/

Noun

*kuningaz m

1. king

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kuningaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kuningaz	*kuningōz, *kuningōs
vocative	*kuning	*kuningōz, *kuningōs
accusative	*kuningą	*kuninganz
genitive	*kuningas, *kuningis	*kuningǫ̂
dative	*kuningai	*kuningamaz
instrumental	*kuningō	*kuningamiz

Related terms

• *kuningǭ

Derived terms

• *kuningadōmaz
• *kuningarīkiją

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kuning
  • Old English: cyning, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc; kung
    • Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig; gug, kug; knyng; chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge
      • English: king (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: keeng, king
      • Yola: kinge, king
    • → English: cyning (learned)
  • Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning
    • North Frisian: köning, könning, käning
    • Saterland Frisian: Kening
    • West Frisian: kening
  • Old Saxon: kuning
    • Middle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig
      • Low German:
        • Dutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning
        • German Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig
          • Plautdietsch: Kjennich
      • → Latgalian: kieneņš
      • → Latvian: ķēniņš
      • → Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig
      • → West Frisian: keuning
  • Old Dutch: kuning, cunig
    • Middle Dutch: cōninc
      • Dutch: koning
        • Afrikaans: koning
        • Negerhollands: koning, kiniṅ
        • → Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung
        • → Sranan Tongo: kownu
          • → Lokono: kónoe
          • → Aukan: konu
          • → Kari'na: konu
      • Limburgish: keuning
  • Old High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc
    • Middle High German: künic, künec
      • Alemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig
      • Bavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng
      • Central Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik
      • Cimbrian: khuuneg
      • German: König
      • Luxembourgish: Kinnek
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: Keenich

      • Vilamovian: kyng
      • Yiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)
• Old Norse: konungr, kongr; ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛁ (kunuki); ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛋ (kunuks); ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛅᛦ (kunukaʀ), ᚴᚢᚿᚢᚴᛆᛧ (kunukaʀ)
  • Icelandic: konungur, kóngur
  • Faroese: kongur, konungur
  • Norn: konung
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: konge, kong, konung; (dialectal) kung
  • Jamtish: kung
  • Elfdalian: kunungg
  • Old Swedish: konunger, kununger, kunger
    • Swedish: konung, kung, kong
  • Old Danish: kung, konung
    • Scanian: káng
    • Danish: konge, kong, konning
      • Norwegian Bokmål: konge
      • → Greenlandic: kunngi
  • Old Gutnish: kunungr
    • Gutnish: kuningg, kungg
• → Lithuanian: kunigas, kuningas, kunigaikštis
• → Latvian: kungs
• → Proto-Finnic: *kuningas (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Samic: *konëŋkēs (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Slavic: *kъnędzь (see there for further descendants)