Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spadô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sph₂-dʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “blade”), Hittite [script needed] (išpatar, “spear”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspɑ.ðɔːː/

Noun

*spadô m

1. spade

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *spadô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*spadô	*spadaniz
vocative	*spadô	*spadaniz
accusative	*spadanų	*spadanunz
genitive	*spadiniz	*spadanǫ̂
dative	*spadini	*spadammaz
instrumental	*spadinē	*spadammiz

Related terms

• *spadō
• *spadǭ

Descendants

• Old English: spada
  • Middle English: spade
    • Scots: spade, spaid
    • English: spade
      • → Scottish Gaelic: spaid
      • → Fiji Hindi: sipi
    • → Irish: spád, spáid
• Old Frisian: spada
  • North Frisian: spade
  • Saterland Frisian: Spoade
  • West Frisian: *spa, *spar (in stikelspa, stikelspar)
• Old Saxon: spado
  • Middle Low German: spāde
    • German Low German: Spaa
• Old Dutch: *spado
  • Middle Dutch: spade
    • Dutch: spade, spa
• Old High German: *spato (possibly)
  • Middle High German: spade, spate (rare or northern word, possibly from Old Saxon)
    • German: Spaten
    • Luxembourgish: Spuet
• Old Norse: spaði; járnspaði (possibly from Low German)
  • Icelandic: spaði
  • Faroese: spaði
  • Norwegian: spade
  • Old Swedish: spadhi
    • Swedish: spade
  • Danish: spade