Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥarb-

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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

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Noun

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*ḥarb- m or f

  1. blade, knife, long and sharp implement

Inflection

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Masculine:

Femenine:

Reconstruction notes

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Not inherited in West Semitic outside Central Semitic, and the Akkadian reflex is irregular unless one accepts Proto-Semitic *x̣. Kogan considers this term only to be reconstructible to Proto-Central Semitic.

Descendants

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  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒄑𒀳𒌆𒆥 (ḫarbum, specialized plow used to physically break apart solid soil, opposed to other weaker types used to merely draw furrows to drop seeds in)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: حَرْب f (ḥarb, war)
        • Arabic: حَرْبَة f (ḥarba, javelin, spearhead)
        • Egyptian Arabic: حرب f (ḥarb, war)
        • Gulf Arabic: حرب f (ḥarb, war)
        • Maltese: ħarb m (war)
        • Persian: حرب (harb, war)
        • Soqotri: ḥarib (fight)
        • Amharic: አርበኛ (ʾärbäñña, patriot)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic:
        • Canaanite:
          • Hebrew: חֶרֶב f (khérev, ḥéreḇ, sword; war; ploughshare)
        • Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎗𐎁 (ḥrb /⁠ḥarbu⁠/, knife, sword)
      • Old South Arabian
  • ? Ancient Greek: ἅρπη (hárpē, sickle, scimitar; a bird of prey)
  • Egyptian: ḥjrꜣpw (dagger, short sword)

References

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  • Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 211