Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ǫtъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*ǫ̀tъka

Etymology

Originally a diminutive form of *ǫtь (“duck”) +‎ *-ъka (“diminutive suffix”), perhaps extending back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *ánˀtukāˀ. Cognate with Lithuanian antuka (“wader”), añtukas (“wheatear”).

Noun

*ǫ̀tъka f

1. duck

   Synonyms: *kačьka, *putъka, *šatъka

Declension

Declension of *ǫtъka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǫtъka	*ǫtъcě	*ǫtъky
genitive	*ǫtъky	*ǫtъku	*ǫtъkъ
dative	*ǫtъcě	*ǫtъkama	*ǫtъkamъ
accusative	*ǫtъkǫ	*ǫtъcě	*ǫtъky
instrumental	*ǫtъkojǫ, *ǫtъkǫ**	*ǫtъkama	*ǫtъkami
locative	*ǫtъcě	*ǫtъku	*ǫtъkasъ, *ǫtъkaxъ*
vocative	*ǫtъko	*ǫtъcě	*ǫtъky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *ǫtь (“duck”)
  • *ǫtę (“duckling”)
    • *ǫtenъkъ (“duckling”) (diminutive, East Slavic)
    • *ǫtęťь (“duck-related”) (East Slavic)
  • *ǫtica (“duck”) (diminutive)
  • *ǫtìnъ (“duck-related”) (East Slavic)
  • *ǫty (“duck”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ѫтъка (ǫtŭka)
    • Belarusian: ву́тка (vútka), ву́так (vútak) (dialectal)
    • Russian: у́тка (útka)
      • ⇒ Russian: Утка (Utka) (toponym)
    • Ukrainian: у́тка (útka), ву́тка (vútka); ву́так (vútak) (West Polissian dialect)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: у́тка (útka) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: утка (utka, “owl”)

Further reading

• Zhuravlyov, A. F., Varbot, Zh. Zh., editors (2016), “*ǫtъka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 40 (*ǫborъkъ – *pakъla), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 89
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “утка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress