Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þwangi

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

• *þwang m (strong a-stem)

Etymology

From a merger of Proto-Germanic *þwangiz and *þwangaz; both from earlier Proto-Germanic *þwanguz (“force, restraint, band”).

Noun

*þwangi m

1. belt, strap, thong
2. restraint, pressure

Inflection

i-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*þwangi
Genitive	*þwangī
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*þwangi	*þwangī
Accusative	*þwangi	*þwangī
Genitive	*þwangī	*þwangijō
Dative	*þwangī	*þwangim, *þwangijum
Instrumental	*þwangī	*þwangim, *þwangijum

Derived terms

• *þwangijan
• *þwangil

Related terms

• *þwingan
• *gaþwingi

Descendants

• Old English: þwang, þwong, þwæng, þweng
  • Middle English: thong, thwong, thwang
    • English: thong
    • Scots: thwang, thwayng, thang
    • Yola: fong
• Old Frisian: thwong, thwang
  • Saterland Frisian: Twoang
  • West Frisian: twang
• Old Saxon: *thwang
  • Middle Low German: dwanc, dwank
    • German Low German: Dwang
• Old Dutch: *thwang
  • Middle Dutch: dwanc
    • Dutch: dwang
      • Afrikaans: dwang
      • Negerhollands: twang
      • → Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)
• Old High German: dwang (“bit, bridle, rein, restraint”)
  • Middle High German: twanc
    • German: Zwang