Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōn

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.

Suffix

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*-ōn

  1. Creates denominative verbs from nouns.
  2. Creates factitive verbs from adjectives.

Inflection

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Class 2 weak
Infinitive *-ōn
1st sg. past *-ōdā
Infinitive *-ōn
Genitive infin. *-ōnijas
Dative infin. *-ōnijē
Instrum. infin. *-ōniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *-ō *-ōdā
2nd singular *-ōs *-ōdēs, *-ōdōs
3rd singular *-ōþ *-ōdē, *-ōdā
1st plural *-ōm *-ōdum
2nd plural *-ōþ *-ōdud
3rd plural *-ōnþ *-ōdun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *-ō *-ōdī
2nd singular *-ōs *-ōdī
3rd singular *-ō *-ōdī
1st plural *-ōm *-ōdīm
2nd plural *-ōþ *-ōdīd
3rd plural *-ōn *-ōdīn
Imperative Present
Singular *-ō
Plural *-ōþ
Present Past
Participle *-ōndī *-ōd

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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An innovation in the northern languages was to attach the class 1 suffix to the stem vowel of this one, creating a compound *-ōjan.

  • Old English: -ian
    • Middle English: -ien, -en
      • Scots: -e (obsolete)
      • English: -en, -e (obsolete)
  • Old Frisian: -ia
    • North Frisian: -je
    • Saterland Frisian: -je
    • West Frisian: -je
  • Old Saxon: -ōn, -oian
    • Middle Low German: -en
      • Low German: -en
  • Old Dutch: -on
  • Old High German: -ōn
    • Middle High German: -en