User:Thadh/Proto-Permic

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Vowels

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Inventory

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Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i /i/ i /ɨ/ y /ʉ/ u /u/ u
Close-Mid /e/ e ö̭ /ø/ ö ȯ̭ /ɵ/ ȯ /o/ o
Mid
Open-Mid e /ɛ/ ɛ ö /œ/ ɔ̈ ȯ /ɞ/ ɔ̇ o /ɔ/ ɔ
Open ɛ /æ/ ä a /ɑ/ a å /ɒ/ å
  • With blue are given the vowels only present in Lytkin (1964)'s reconstruction
    • With green are given the vowels only present in Lytkin (1970)'s reconstruction
  • With red are given the vowels only present in Csúcs (2005)'s reconstruction
  • All notations are given in UPA (left), IPA (middle) and the proposed orthography to be handled on Wiktionary (right)

Correspondencies

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This table fully follows Lytkin (1964/1970):

PP OK KZ KP KY Udm notes
*a (*)a а а a а
(*)a а а a у PP *a in Lytkin (1964)
(*)ɛ ӧ ӧ ө е
(*)ɔ о о о у / а
*o (*)o о о у у / ва / а
(*)e е е е о / е
*e (*)e е е i о / е
*ɔ̇ (*)ɛ ӧ ӧ ӧ о / а
(*)ɛ / (*)o ӧ / о ӧ / о ы ӧ / ы / у
*ɔ̈ (*)ɛ / (*)u ӧ / у ӧ / у ӧ / у ӧ / а / у / е
(*)o о о ӱ у / е
*u̇ (*)y ы ы ө ы / у
*i (*)i и и и и
*u (*)u у у у у / ы
(*)u у у у у / ы different realisations in
dialectal Udmurt

Consonants

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Inventory

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labial labiodental dental alveolar palatal palatovelar
Stop voiceless p /p/ t /t/ ť /c/ k /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ ď /ɟ/ g /ɡ/
Fricative voiceless s /s/ š /ʃ/ ś /ɕ/
voiced w /w/ v /v/ z /z/ ž /ʒ/ ź /ʑ/ j /j/
Affricate voiceless č /t͡ʃ/ č́ /t͡ɕ/
voiced ǯ /d͡ʒ/ ǯ́ /d͡ʑ/
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ń /ɲ/ ŋ /ŋ/
Lateral l /l/ ľ /ʎ/
Trill r /r/

Proposed modifications

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  • Change <č́> to <ć>
  • Change <ǯ́> to <ʒ́>