calvaria

English

Etymology

From Latin calvāria (“skull”). Doublet of calavera and calvary.

Noun

calvaria (plural calvariae or calvarias)

1. (anatomy) The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap.
   • 2008 December 10, Charles K. F. Chan et al., “Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7228, →DOI:

     CD105 Thy1- progenitor populations derived from regions of the fetal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo endochondral ossification formed only bone without marrow in our assay.

Translations

the dome or roof of the skull

• German: Schädelkalotte f, Schädeldecke (de) f, Schädeldach (de) n
• Hungarian: koponyatető (hu), koponyaboltozat (hu), fejtető (hu)
• Romanian: calotă craniană (ro) f

Latin

Etymology

From calvus (“bald”) +‎ -āria (noun-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kalˈu̯aː.ri.a/, [käɫ̪ˈu̯äːriä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kalˈva.ri.a/, [kälˈväːriä]

Noun

calvāria f (genitive calvāriae); first declension

1. a skull

   Synonyms: calva, testa, crānium

2. (capitalized) Calvary

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	calvāria	calvāriae
Genitive	calvāriae	calvāriārum
Dative	calvāriae	calvāriīs
Accusative	calvāriam	calvāriās
Ablative	calvāriā	calvāriīs
Vocative	calvāria	calvāriae

Derived terms

• calvāriola

Descendants

• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: calavera, canavera
  • Gascon: calavera
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: caaveira
    • Galician: caveira
    • Portuguese: caveira
  • Spanish: calavera
• Derived forms:
  • ⇒ Ecclesiastical Latin: calvārium
    • → Catalan: calvari
    • → English: Calvary
    • → Italian: calvario
    • → Occitan: calbari
    • → Old French: cauvaire
      • French: calvaire (partly relatinized)
      • Norman: calvet
    • → Spanish: calvario
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *calvāriō, calvāriōnem
    • ⇒ Franco-Provençal: tsarvayrõ (“flat stone”), ϑarvẹrõ (toponym)
• Direct borrowings:
  • → English: calvaria

References

• “calvaria”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• calvaria in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• calvaria in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “calvaria”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 105