imfolngai

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• im·folṅgi

Etymology

imm- +‎ fo·loing, but the inflection as a weak verb suggests an origin as a denominative verb.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [imʲˈɸolŋɨ]

Verb

im·folngai (prototonic ·immolṅgai, verbal noun imḟolang)

1. to effect, produce, cause

   Synonyms: ar·áili, do·áirci, fo·fera

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92^a17

     Bed indbadigthi .i. bed chuintechti .i. cid fáilte ad·cot-sa ⁊ du·ngnéu, is túsu immid·ḟolngi dam, a Dǽ; cid indeb dano ad·cot, is tú, Dǽ, immid·ḟolngi dam.

     To be enriched, i.e. to be sought, i.e. though it is joy that I obtain and make, it is you who effects it for me, O God; so too, though it is wealth that I obtain, it is you, God, who effects it for me.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 95^a5

     Is ed as·bertis b⟨a⟩ a nert fadesin imme·ḟolnged choscur doib, níbu Día.

     That is, they used to say that it was their own strength that produced victory for them, not God

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 126^b16

     Im·folṅgi inducbáil dó in molad ro·mmolastar Día.

     The praise (with) which he has praised God causes glory to him.

Inflection

Complex, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.			im·folngi, im·folngai			im·folnget, im·folngat	im·folngar, im·folangar
	Prot.			·immolṅgai			·imḟolnget	·immolṅgaithær
Imperfect indicative	Deut.
	Prot.
Preterite	Deut.
	Prot.
Perfect	Deut.		im·forlaingis	im·forling, im·forlaing				im·forlinged	im·forlaingthea
	Prot.							·imforlainged
Future	Deut.			im·folnguba
	Prot.
Conditional	Deut.
	Prot.
Present subjunctive	Deut.		im·folngae	im·folnga			im·folnget	im·folngither
	Prot.	·rimfolngar (ro-form)	·imḟorlainge
Past subjunctive	Deut.			im·folnged; imme·ḟolnged (relative)
	Prot.						·imḟolngitis	·imḟolangide
Imperative
Verbal noun		imḟolang
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• immid·ḟolngi
• nephaithimḟolngide
• nephimḟolngide

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
im·folngai	im·ḟolngai	im·folngai pronounced with /-β(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “imm·folngai, imm·foilngi”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 569