plaider

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French plaider, from Old French plaidier, from plait, possibly corresponding to a Vulgar Latin *placitare, from Latin placitum. Cognate with English plead.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plɛ.de/, /ple.de/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

plaider

1. to plead

Conjugation

Conjugation of plaider (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	plaider
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	plaidant /plɛ.dɑ̃/ or /ple.dɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		plaidé /plɛ.de/ or /ple.de/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	plaide /plɛd/	plaides /plɛd/	plaide /plɛd/	plaidons /plɛ.dɔ̃/ or /ple.dɔ̃/	plaidez /plɛ.de/ or /ple.de/	plaident /plɛd/
	imperfect	plaidais /plɛ.dɛ/ or /ple.dɛ/	plaidais /plɛ.dɛ/ or /ple.dɛ/	plaidait /plɛ.dɛ/ or /ple.dɛ/	plaidions /plɛ.djɔ̃/ or /ple.djɔ̃/	plaidiez /plɛ.dje/ or /ple.dje/	plaidaient /plɛ.dɛ/ or /ple.dɛ/
	past historic2	plaidai /plɛ.de/ or /ple.de/	plaidas /plɛ.da/ or /ple.da/	plaida /plɛ.da/ or /ple.da/	plaidâmes /plɛ.dam/ or /ple.dam/	plaidâtes /plɛ.dat/ or /ple.dat/	plaidèrent /plɛ.dɛʁ/ or /ple.dɛʁ/
	future	plaiderai /plɛ.dʁe/ or /ple.dʁe/	plaideras /plɛ.dʁa/ or /ple.dʁa/	plaidera /plɛ.dʁa/ or /ple.dʁa/	plaiderons /plɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /ple.dʁɔ̃/	plaiderez /plɛ.dʁe/ or /ple.dʁe/	plaideront /plɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /ple.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	plaiderais /plɛ.dʁɛ/ or /ple.dʁɛ/	plaiderais /plɛ.dʁɛ/ or /ple.dʁɛ/	plaiderait /plɛ.dʁɛ/ or /ple.dʁɛ/	plaiderions /plɛ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ple.də.ʁjɔ̃/	plaideriez /plɛ.də.ʁje/ or /ple.də.ʁje/	plaideraient /plɛ.dʁɛ/ or /ple.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	plaide /plɛd/	plaides /plɛd/	plaide /plɛd/	plaidions /plɛ.djɔ̃/ or /ple.djɔ̃/	plaidiez /plɛ.dje/ or /ple.dje/	plaident /plɛd/
	imperfect2	plaidasse /plɛ.das/ or /ple.das/	plaidasses /plɛ.das/ or /ple.das/	plaidât /plɛ.da/ or /ple.da/	plaidassions /plɛ.da.sjɔ̃/ or /ple.da.sjɔ̃/	plaidassiez /plɛ.da.sje/ or /ple.da.sje/	plaidassent /plɛ.das/ or /ple.das/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	plaide /plɛd/	—	plaidons /plɛ.dɔ̃/ or /ple.dɔ̃/	plaidez /plɛ.de/ or /ple.de/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• plaideur
• plaidoirie
• plaidoyer

Further reading

• “plaider”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• lapider

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French plaidier.

Verb

plaider

1. to plead

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of plaider

infinitive	simple	plaider
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	plaidant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		plaidé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	plaide	plaides	plaide	plaidons	plaidez	plaident
	imperfect	plaidois, plaidoys	plaidois, plaidoys	plaidoit, plaidoyt	plaidions, plaidyons	plaidiez, plaidyez	plaidoient, plaidoyent
	past historic	plaida	plaidas	plaida	plaidasmes	plaidastes	plaiderent
	future	plaiderai, plaideray	plaideras	plaidera	plaiderons	plaiderez	plaideront
	conditional	plaiderois, plaideroys	plaiderois, plaideroys	plaideroit, plaideroyt	plaiderions, plaideryons	plaideriez, plaideryez	plaideroient, plaideroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	plaide	plaides	plaide	plaidons	plaidez	plaident
	imperfect	plaidasse	plaidasses	plaidast	plaidassions	plaidassiez	plaidassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	plaide	—	plaidons	plaidez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: plaider

Old French

Verb

plaider

1. Alternative form of plaidier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of plaider (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		plaider			avoir plaidé
gerund		en plaidant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		plaidant
past participle		plaidé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	plait	plaides	plaide	plaidons	plaidez	plaident
	imperfect	plaidoie, plaideie, plaidoe, plaideve	plaidoies, plaideies, plaidoes, plaideves	plaidoit, plaideit, plaidot, plaideve	plaidiiens, plaidiens	plaidiiez, plaidiez	plaidoient, plaideient, plaidoent, plaidevent
	preterite	plaidai	plaidas	plaida	plaidames	plaidastes	plaiderent
	future	plaiderai	plaideras	plaidera	plaiderons	plaideroiz, plaidereiz, plaiderez	plaideront
	conditional	plaideroie, plaidereie	plaideroies, plaidereies	plaideroit, plaidereit	plaideriiens, plaideriens	plaideriiez, plaideriez	plaideroient, plaidereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	plait	plaiz	plait	plaidons	plaidez	plaident
	imperfect	plaidasse	plaidasses	plaidast	plaidissons, plaidissiens	plaidissoiz, plaidissez, plaidissiez	plaidassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	plaide	—	plaidons	plaidez	—