shtusha

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Swahili

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

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-shtusha (infinitive kushtusha)

  1. Causative form of -shtua

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -shtusha
Positive present -nashtusha
Subjunctive -shtushe
Negative -shtushi
Imperative singular shtusha
Infinitives
Positive kushtusha
Negative kutoshtusha
Imperatives
Singular shtusha
Plural shtusheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushtusha
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishtusha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushtusha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashtusha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashtusha/nashtusha tunashtusha
2nd person unashtusha mnashtusha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashtusha wanashtusha
other classes positive subject concord + -nashtusha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shtushi)
Singular Plural
1st person sishtushi hatushtushi
2nd person hushtushi hamshtushi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashtushi hawashtushi
other classes negative subject concord + -shtushi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashtusha
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashtusha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shtushe)
Singular Plural
1st person nishtushe tushtushe
2nd person ushtushe mshtushe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtushe washtushe
other classes positive subject concord + -shtushe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishtushe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshtusha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshtusha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishtusha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishtusha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashtusha)
Singular Plural
1st person nashtusha twashtusha
2nd person washtusha mwashtusha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtusha washtusha
m-mi(III/IV) washtusha yashtusha
ji-ma(V/VI) lashtusha yashtusha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashtusha vyashtusha
n(IX/X) yashtusha zashtusha
u(XI) washtusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashtusha
pa(XVI) pashtusha
mu(XVIII) mwashtusha
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshtusha
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashtusha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashtusha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishtusha
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhtusha
Consecutive kashtusha / positive subject concord + -kashtusha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashtushe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishtusha -tushtusha
2nd person -kushtusha -washtusha/-kushtusheni/-washtusheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshtusha -washtusha
m-mi(III/IV) -ushtusha -ishtusha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishtusha -yashtusha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishtusha -vishtusha
n(IX/X) -ishtusha -zishtusha
u(XI) -ushtusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushtusha
pa(XVI) -pashtusha
mu(XVIII) -mushtusha
Reflexive -jishtusha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shtusha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shtushaye -shtushao
m-mi(III/IV) -shtushao -shtushayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shtushalo -shtushayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shtushacho -shtushavyo
n(IX/X) -shtushayo -shtushazo
u(XI) -shtushao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shtushako
pa(XVI) -shtushapo
mu(XVIII) -shtushamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shtusha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshtusha -oshtusha
m-mi(III/IV) -oshtusha -yoshtusha
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshtusha -yoshtusha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshtusha -vyoshtusha
n(IX/X) -yoshtusha -zoshtusha
u(XI) -oshtusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshtusha
pa(XVI) -poshtusha
mu(XVIII) -moshtusha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.