terfysgu
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From terfysg (“commotion, tumult; riot, revolt”) + -u.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /tɛrˈvəsɡɨ/, [tʰɛrˈvəskɨ]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /tɛrˈvəsɡi/, [tʰɛrˈvəski]
Verb
[edit]terfysgu (first-person singular present terfysgaf)
- (intransitive) to riot, to revolt
- (intransitive) to terrorise
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | terfysgaf | terfysgi | terfysga | terfysgwn | terfysgwch | terfysgant | terfysgir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
terfysgwn | terfysgit | terfysgai | terfysgem | terfysgech | terfysgent | terfysgid | |
| preterite | terfysgais | terfysgaist | terfysgodd | terfysgasom | terfysgasoch | terfysgasant | terfysgwyd | |
| pluperfect | terfysgaswn | terfysgasit | terfysgasai | terfysgasem | terfysgasech | terfysgasent | terfysgasid, terfysgesid | |
| present subjunctive | terfysgwyf | terfysgych | terfysgo | terfysgom | terfysgoch | terfysgont | terfysger | |
| imperative | — | terfysga | terfysged | terfysgwn | terfysgwch | terfysgent | terfysger | |
| verbal noun | terfysgu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | terfysgedig terfysgadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | terfysga i, terfysgaf i | terfysgi di | terfysgith o/e/hi, terfysgiff e/hi | terfysgwn ni | terfysgwch chi | terfysgan nhw |
| conditional | terfysgwn i, terfysgswn i | terfysget ti, terfysgset ti | terfysgai fo/fe/hi, terfysgsai fo/fe/hi | terfysgen ni, terfysgsen ni | terfysgech chi, terfysgsech chi | terfysgen nhw, terfysgsen nhw |
| preterite | terfysgais i, terfysges i | terfysgaist ti, terfysgest ti | terfysgodd o/e/hi | terfysgon ni | terfysgoch chi | terfysgon nhw |
| imperative | — | terfysga | — | — | terfysgwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- terfysgaeth (“terrorism”)
- terfysgwr (“terrorist”)
Mutation
[edit]| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| terfysgu | derfysgu | nherfysgu | therfysgu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “terfysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies