गन्धर्व

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gandʰarwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰarwás ~ *g(ʰ)andʰarbʰás, ultimately likely from a BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdərəβa), 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdarəβa). Compare also Ancient Greek Κένταυρος (Kéntauros), to which it is often likened.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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गन्धर्व (gandharvá) stemm

  1. (Hinduism, Buddhism) a gandharva (one of a class of male heavenly beings, famed singers and guardians of soma)
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.86.36:
      सप्त स्वसारो अभि मातरः शिशुं नवं जज्ञानं जेन्यं विपश्चितम् ।
      अपां गन्धर्वं दिव्यं नृचक्षसं सोमं विश्वस्य भुवनस्य राजसे ॥
      sapta svasāro abhi mātaraḥ śiśuṃ navaṃ jajñānaṃ jenyaṃ vipaścitam.
      apāṃ gandharvaṃ divyaṃ nṛcakṣasaṃ somaṃ viśvasya bhuvanasya rājase.
      The Sisters Seven, the Mothers, stand around the Babe, the noble, new-born Infant, skilled in holy song,
      Gandharva of the floods, divine, beholding men, Soma, that he may reign as King of all the world.
  2. (figurative) a skilled singer, bard
    • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.11.20:
      नटनर्तकगन्धर्वाः सूत मागध वन्दिनः ।
      गायन्ति चोत्तमश्लोक चरितानि अद्‍भुतानि च ॥
      naṭanartakagandharvāḥ sūta māgadha vandinaḥ.
      gāyanti cottamaśloka caritāni ad‍bhutāni ca.
  3. a sage, religious man
  4. horse
    Synonym: अश्व (áśva)
  5. a male given name

Declension

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Masculine a-stem declension of गन्धर्व (gandharvá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative गन्धर्वः
gandharváḥ
गन्धर्वौ / गन्धर्वा¹
gandharvaú / gandharvā́¹
गन्धर्वाः / गन्धर्वासः¹
gandharvā́ḥ / gandharvā́saḥ¹
Vocative गन्धर्व
gándharva
गन्धर्वौ / गन्धर्वा¹
gándharvau / gándharvā¹
गन्धर्वाः / गन्धर्वासः¹
gándharvāḥ / gándharvāsaḥ¹
Accusative गन्धर्वम्
gandharvám
गन्धर्वौ / गन्धर्वा¹
gandharvaú / gandharvā́¹
गन्धर्वान्
gandharvā́n
Instrumental गन्धर्वेण
gandharvéṇa
गन्धर्वाभ्याम्
gandharvā́bhyām
गन्धर्वैः / गन्धर्वेभिः¹
gandharvaíḥ / gandharvébhiḥ¹
Dative गन्धर्वाय
gandharvā́ya
गन्धर्वाभ्याम्
gandharvā́bhyām
गन्धर्वेभ्यः
gandharvébhyaḥ
Ablative गन्धर्वात्
gandharvā́t
गन्धर्वाभ्याम्
gandharvā́bhyām
गन्धर्वेभ्यः
gandharvébhyaḥ
Genitive गन्धर्वस्य
gandharvásya
गन्धर्वयोः
gandharváyoḥ
गन्धर्वाणाम्
gandharvā́ṇām
Locative गन्धर्वे
gandharvé
गन्धर्वयोः
gandharváyoḥ
गन्धर्वेषु
gandharvéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

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References

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