ṭuppum

Akkadian

𒁾𒁍𒌝

Etymology

Borrowed from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “tablet, document”).

Pronunciation

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ˈtˤup.pum/

Noun

ṭuppum m or f (construct state ṭuppi, pronominal state ṭuppa, plural ṭuppū m or ṭuppātum f) (from Old Akkadian on)

1. tablet, document, letter

   Synonym: 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu)

   𒁾𒁀𒄠 𒊭𒁕𒊒𒌝 [ṭuppam šaṭārum] ― ṭup-pá-am ša-ṭa-ru-um ― to write a document

   𒁾𒁀𒄠 𒀀𒈠𒊒𒌝 [ṭuppam amārum] ― ṭup-pá-am a-ma-ru-um ― to read a tablet

   𒁕𒀀𒀀𒉡𒌝 𒌅𒉺𒄠 𒄿𒍣𒅁

   [dayyānum ṭuppam īzib]

   da-a-a-nu-um ṭu₂-pa-am i-zi-ib

   The judge made out a tablet.

Alternative forms

• ṭuppu (non-mimated)
• tuppu

Cuneiform spellings

Logograms	Phonetic
𒁾 (DUB) 𒅎 (IM) 𒅎𒁾 (IM.DUB) 𒁾𒁉 (DUB.BI) (Old/Middle Assyrian)	𒁾𒁍𒌝 (ṭup-pu-um)

Derived terms

• bīt ṭuppim (“school”)
• qan ṭupim (“stylus”)

 

Descendants

• → Classical Syriac: ܛܒܥܐ (tˤavʿā)
• → Hebrew: דַּף (dap̄)
• → Elamite:
  • → Old Persian: 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (dipi-, “inscription; document”)
    • Middle Persian: dywʾn' (dīwān) (see there for further descendants)
    • Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭥 (dibīr)
      • Persian: دبیر (dabir, debir)
        • → Ottoman Turkish: دبیر (debîr)
      • → Niya Prakrit: 𐨡𐨁𐨬𐨁𐨪 (divira)
      • → Old Armenian: դպիր (dpir) (from some Middle Iranian language, possibly Middle Persian)
        • → Armenian: դպիր (dpir)
    • Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭯 (dp)
      • Persian: دف (daf) (see there for further descendants)
    • Middle Persian:
      • Persian: دب (dab)
        • → Arabic: أَدَب (ʔadab, “etiquette, education, being well-read, literature”) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨡𐨁𐨤𐨁 (dipi) (Shahbazgarhi, Mansehra)
      • Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀺 (lipi, Girnar, Dhauli, Jaugada)
        • → Sanskrit: लिपि (lipi)
          • →Tatsama:

            • Assamese: লিপি (lipi)
            • Bengali: লিপি (lipi)
            • Gujarati: લિપિ (lipi)
            • Hindi: लिपि (lipi)
            • Malayalam: ലിപി (lipi)
            • Marathi: लिपी (lipī)
            • Punjabi: ਲਿਪੀ (lipī)

References

• “ṭuppu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
• Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “ṭuppu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag