ἀνήρ
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See also: ἁνήρ
Ancient Greek[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर (nára), and Old Irish nert.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.nɛ̌ːr/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈne̝r/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈnir/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈnir/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈnir/
In Epic poetry, the ἀ usually scans as long in the arsis of a foot.
Noun[edit]
ᾰ̓νήρ • (anḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension
- man (adult male)
- husband
- human being, as opposed to a god
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:
- ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.- akíndunoi d’ aretaì
oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathêi. - But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.
- akíndunoi d’ aretaì
- ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
Usage notes[edit]
The word ἀνήρ may form a crasis with the definite article, resulting in ὁ (ho) and ἀνήρ merging. The Attic crasis is ᾱ̔νήρ (hānḗr) and the Ionic crasis is ὡνήρ (hōnḗr).
In Epic poetry, the vocative singular ἆνερ (âner) is used, for instance in Il. 24.725.
Declension[edit]
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ ho anḗr |
τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ándre |
οἱ ᾰ̓́νδρες hoi ándres | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός toû andrós |
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn androîn |
τῶν ᾰ̓νδρῶν tôn andrôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ tôi andrí |
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn androîn |
τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν toîs andrási(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ tòn ándra |
τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ándre |
τοὺς ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς toùs ándras | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓́νερ áner |
ᾰ̓́νδρε ándre |
ᾰ̓́νδρες ándres | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ᾱ̓νήρ ānḗr |
ᾱ̓νέρε ānére |
ᾱ̓νέρες ānéres | ||||||||||
Genitive | ᾱ̓νέρος ānéros |
ᾱ̓νέροιῐν ānéroiin |
ᾱ̓νέρων ānérōn | ||||||||||
Dative | ᾱ̓νέρῐ ānéri |
ᾱ̓νέροιῐν ānéroiin |
ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐ / ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐν / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν ā́ndressi(n) / andrási(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | ᾱ̓νέρᾰ ānéra |
ᾱ̓νέρε ānére |
ᾱ̓νέρᾰς ānéras | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾱ̓νήρ ānḗr |
ᾱ̓νέρε ānére |
ᾱ̓νέρες ānéres | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ᾱ̔νήρ hānḗr |
— | ἇνδρες hândres | ||||||||||
Genitive | τᾱ̓νδρός tāndrós |
— | — | ||||||||||
Dative | τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ tāndrí |
— | — | ||||||||||
Accusative | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Vocative | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Antonyms[edit]
- γυνή (gunḗ, “woman, female, wife”)
Derived terms[edit]
- Ἀγαπήνωρ (Agapḗnōr)
- ἀγαπήνωρ (agapḗnōr)
- Ἀγήνωρ (Agḗnōr)
- ἀγήνωρ (agḗnōr)
- Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)
- ἀλεξήνωρ (alexḗnōr)
- Ἀμύνανδρος (Amúnandros)
- Ἀνάξανδρος (Anáxandros)
- Ἀνδράγαθος (Andrágathos)
- Ἀνδρέας (Andréas)
- ἀνδρεία (andreía)
- ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)
- ἀνδριάς (andriás)
- ἀνδρο- (andro-)
- Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs)
- ἀνδρόγυνος (andrógunos)
- Ἀνδροκλῆς (Androklês)
- Ἀνδροκύδης (Androkúdēs)
- ἀνδρομανία (andromanía)
- Ἀνδρομέδα (Androméda)
- ἀνδρόμεος (andrómeos)
- ἀνδρόσᾰκες (andrósakes)
- ἀνδροφάγος (androphágos)
- ἀνδροφόνος (androphónos)
- ἀνδρών (andrṓn)
- ἀνήνωρ (anḗnōr)
- Ἄντανδρος (Ántandros)
- Ἀντήνωρ (Antḗnōr)
- ἀντήνωρ (antḗnōr)
- ἀντιᾰ́νειρᾰ (antiáneira)
- ἀπατήνωρ (apatḗnōr)
- Ἀρῐ́στᾰνδρος (Arístandros)
- Βιήνωρ (Biḗnōr)
- βωτιᾰ́νειρᾰ (bōtiáneira)
- δαμασήνωρ (damasḗnōr)
- δεισήνωρ (deisḗnōr)
- Δεισήνωρ (Deisḗnōr)
- Δῃᾰ́νειρᾰ (Dēiáneira)
- Ἐλεφήνωρ (Elephḗnōr)
- Ἐλπήνωρ (Elpḗnōr)
- εὐήνωρ (euḗnōr)
- Εὐχήνωρ (Eukhḗnōr)
- ἠνορέη (ēnoréē)
- Καστιᾰ́νειρᾰ (Kastiáneira)
- Κλείτανδρος (Kleítandros)
- κυδιᾰ́νειρᾰ (kudiáneira)
- Λέανδρος (Léandros)
- λειχήνωρ (leikhḗnōr)
- ληϊᾰ́νειρᾰ (lēïáneira)
- λυσήνωρ (lusḗnōr)
- Λῠ́σᾰνδρος (Lúsandros)
- μεγαλήνωρ (megalḗnōr)
- Μένανδρος (Ménandros)
- Νίκανδρος (Níkandros)
- ὀλεσήνωρ (olesḗnōr)
- Πείσανδρος (Peísandros)
- Πεισήνωρ (Peisḗnōr)
- Περίανδρος (Períandros)
- Προθοήνωρ (Prothoḗnōr)
- Ῥηξήνωρ (Rhēxḗnōr)
- ῥηξήνωρ (rhēxḗnōr)
- σώσᾰνδρον (sṓsandron)
- Τίσανδρος (Tísandros)
- Τῑμᾱ́νωρ (Tīmā́nōr)
- ὑπερηνορέων (huperēnoréōn)
- ὑπερήνωρ (huperḗnōr)
- Ὑπερήνωρ (Huperḗnōr)
- ὑψήνωρ (hupsḗnōr)
- Ὑψήνωρ (Hupsḗnōr)
- φθισήνωρ (phthisḗnōr)
- φιλανδρία (philandría)
- φίλανδρος (phílandros)
- φιλήνωρ (philḗnōr)
- Ᾰ̓νδρόνῑκος (Andrónīkos)
- Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης (Androsthénēs)
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
- ἄρσην (ársēn, “male”)
Further reading[edit]
- “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀνήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀνήρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἀνήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀνήρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἀνήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G120 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Male family members
- grc:Human
- grc:Male people