ἰαίνω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]In Sanskrit we find इषण्यति (iṣaṇyati, “to urge on, incite”), that might correspond to the Greek verb. However, the etymology has been doubted because of the deviant meanings. If correct, these two verbs may be derivatives of an r/n-stem, which was based on primary इष्यति (iṣyati, “to impel, send”), इष्णाति (iṣṇāti, “to incite, throw, swing”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /i.ǎi̯.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /iˈɛ.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /iˈɛ.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /iˈe.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /iˈe.no/
Verb
[edit]ἰαίνω • (iaínō)
- (transitive) to heat, warm
- (also metaphorically) to melt
- to relax by warmth
- (more frequently) to warm, cheer
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.102–103:
- οὐδὲ μέτωπον ἐπ' ὀφρύσι κυανέῃσιν / ἰάνθη
- oudè métōpon ep' ophrúsi kuanéēisin / iánthē
- but her forehead above her dark eyebrows did not / cheer up
- οὐδὲ μέτωπον ἐπ' ὀφρύσι κυανέῃσιν / ἰάνθη
Usage notes
[edit]- This verb denotes a pleasant kind of heat, prompting its use in metaphors for positive emotions.
Conjugation
[edit] Present: ἰαίνω, ἰαίνομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἴαινον | ἴαινες | ἴαινε(ν) | ἰαίνετον | ἰαινέτην | ἰαίνομεν | ἰαίνετε | ἴαινον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἰαινόμην | ἰαίνου | ἰαίνετο | ἰαίνεσθον | ἰαινέσθην | ἰαινόμεθᾰ | ἰαίνεσθε | ἰαίνοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἰαίνεσκον | ἰαίνεσκες | ἰαίνεσκε(ν) | ἰαινέσκετον | ἰαινεσκέτην | ἰαινέσκομεν | ἰαινέσκετε | ἰαίνεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἰαινεσκόμην | ἰαινέσκου | ἰαινέσκετο | ἰαινέσκεσθον | ἰαινεσκέσθην | ἰαινεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἰαινέσκεσθε | ἰαινέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Further reading
[edit]- “ἰαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἰαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἰαίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἰαίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἰαίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἰαίνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN