Translingual [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
劍 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀 +13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人人中弓 (OOLN ), four-corner 82800 , composition ⿰僉 刂 )
Derived characters [ edit ]
Descendants [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Kangxi Dictionary: page 144 , character 45
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2228
Dae Jaweon: page 326, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 358, character 10
Unihan data for U+528D
Chinese [ edit ]
劍 : A Jian with 鞘 ( qiào , “ scabbard ” ) .
Glyph origin [ edit ]
Old Chinese
厱
*raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛
*qʰlaːm
臉
*ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶
*ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
鹼
*kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
薟
*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳
*ɡ·ram
獫
*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
蘞
*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢
*ɡ·ram
斂
*ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
瀲
*ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
撿
*ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
羷
*ɡ·ramʔ
殮
*ɡ·rams
簽
*skʰlam
僉
*skʰlam
憸
*skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
譣
*skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
檢
*kramʔ
瞼
*kramʔ
儉
*ɡramʔ
顩
*ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐
*ŋramʔ
嶮
*ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
噞
*ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
驗
*ŋrams
險
*qʰramʔ
劒
*kams
劍
*kams
𩏩
*qʰam
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *kams ) : phonetic 僉 ( OC *skʰlam) + semantic 刂 .
Etymology [ edit ]
Schuessler (2007) proposes a possible native origin, from *k- nominalized adjective 剡 (OC *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ ), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam ( “ sharp ” ) and lost its *r- initial due to folk etymology; doublets 磏 (OC *r(i)am , “whetstone”) and 鐮 (OC *ɡ·rem , “sickle”) retain *r- .
Alternatively, the double-edged sword seemingly originated from the southern state of Wu (吳 ); so a native Wu term, of unknown linguistic affiliation, might have yielded both Old Chinese 劍 (OC *kams ) and Proto-Vietic *t-kɨəm ( > Vietnamese gươm ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
劍
Reading #
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
jiàn
Middle Chinese
‹ kjæmH ›
Old Chinese
/*s.kr[a]m-s/
English
sword
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
劍
Reading #
1/1
No.
10227
Phonetic component
僉
Rime group
談
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
劔
Old Chinese
/*kams/
Notes
原 列 梵 韻 作 劒 ,此 本 說 文 籀 文 ,集 韻 驗 韻 或 體
Definitions [ edit ]
劍
sword (bladed on both sides); sabre
鄭 之 刀 ,宋 之 斤 ,魯 之 削 ,吳 粵 之 劍 ,遷 乎 其 地 而 弗 能 為 良 ,地 氣 然 也 。 [Classical Chinese , trad. ] 郑 之 刀 ,宋 之 斤 ,鲁 之 削 ,吴 粤 之 剑 ,迁 乎 其 地 而 弗 能 为 良 ,地 气 然 也 。 [Classical Chinese , simp. ] From: Rites of Zhou , circa 3rd century BCE Zhèng zhī dāo, Sòng zhī jīn, Lǔ zhī xuē, Wúyuè zhī jiàn , qiān hū qí dì ér fú néng wéi liáng, dì qì rán yě. [Pinyin] The knives of Zheng, the axes of Song, the pen-knives of Lu, and the double-edged swords of Wu and Yue are famous for their origin. In no other places, can one make these things so well. This is natural because of the qi of the earth.
Classifier for swings of a sword.
a surname
Compounds [ edit ]
Descendants [ edit ]
See also [ edit ]
Japanese [ edit ]
劍
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names , kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 剣 )
Kyūjitai form of 剣 : double-edged sword ; swordsmanship
Readings [ edit ]
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Etymology [ edit ]
From Middle Chinese 劍 (MC kjaemH ).
Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun , 1448
검〮 (Yale : kém )
Middle Korean
Text
Eumhun
Gloss (hun )
Reading
Hunmong Jahoe , 1527[1]
환도 (Yale : hwantwo )
검〯 (Yale : kěm )
Pronunciation [ edit ]
(SK Standard /Seoul ) IPA (key ) : [kɘ(ː)m] Phonetic hangul: [검 (ː) ] Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Wikisource
劍 (eumhun 칼 검 ( kal geom ) )
Hanja form? of 검 ( “ sword ; knife ” ) .
Compounds [ edit ]
Compounds
검객 (劍客 , geomgaek )
검공 (劍工 , geomgong , “sword smith ”)
검극 (劍劇 , geomgeuk , “sword play ”)
검극 (劍戟 , geomgeuk , “swords and spears ”)
검난 (劍難 , geomnan , “tragedy caused by the sword ”)
검도 (劍道 , geomdo )
검무 (劍舞 , geommu , “sword dance ”)
검법 (劍法 , geombeop , “swordsmanship ”)
검사 (劍士 , geomsa )
검술 (劍術 , geomsul )
검장 (劍匠 , geomjang , “sword smith ”)
검호 (劍豪 , geomho , “swordsman par excellence ”)
References [ edit ]
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 . [2]
Vietnamese [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
劍 : Hán Nôm readings: kiếm , ghém , gươm , kém , chém , sớm
sword
Compounds [ edit ]
Usage notes [ edit ]
Chữ Nôm. The modern Vietnamese word for sword is kiếm .
References [ edit ]