普通
Chinese[edit]
general; popular; everywhere general; popular; everywhere; universal |
go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (普通) | 普 | 通 | |
simp. #(普通) | 普 | 通 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
普通
- ordinary; plain; average; nothing special; general
- common; universal; widespread
Synonyms[edit]
- (ordinary):
- (common):
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “Entry #8481”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
普 | 通 |
ふ Grade: S |
つう Grade: 2 |
goon |
Etymology[edit]
/putuː/ → /fut͡suː/
From Middle Chinese compound 普通 (pʰuoX thuwng, literally “ordinary + through”). Compare modern Hakka phû-thûng, Cantonese pou2 tung1, Mandarin pǔtōng.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
普通 • (futsū) -na (adnominal 普通な (futsū na), adverbial 普通に (futsū ni))
- common, ordinary
- (informal, in the adverbial form 普通に) Used when straightforwardly describing one's opinion.
- 普通に美味しい
- futsū ni oishī
- just delicious
- 普通にきもい
- futsū ni kimoi
- plain gross
- 普通に美味しい
Usage notes[edit]
The form 普通の is replacing 普通な in modern Japanese. See the usage notes below.
Inflection[edit]
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 普通だろ | ふつうだろ | futsū daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 普通で | ふつうで | futsū de |
Terminal (終止形) | 普通だ | ふつうだ | futsū da |
Attributive (連体形) | 普通な | ふつうな | futsū na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 普通なら | ふつうなら | futsū nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 普通であれ | ふつうであれ | futsū de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 普通ではない 普通じゃない |
ふつうではない ふつうじゃない |
futsū de wa nai futsū ja nai |
Informal past | 普通だった | ふつうだった | futsū datta |
Informal negative past | 普通ではなかった 普通じゃなかった |
ふつうではなかった ふつうじゃなかった |
futsū de wa nakatta futsū ja nakatta |
Formal | 普通です | ふつうです | futsū desu |
Formal negative | 普通ではありません 普通じゃありません |
ふつうではありません ふつうじゃありません |
futsū de wa arimasen futsū ja arimasen |
Formal past | 普通でした | ふつうでした | futsū deshita |
Formal negative past | 普通ではありませんでした 普通じゃありませんでした |
ふつうではありませんでした ふつうじゃありませんでした |
futsū de wa arimasen deshita futsū ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 普通で | ふつうで | futsū de |
Conditional | 普通なら(ば) | ふつうなら(ば) | futsū nara (ba) |
Provisional | 普通だったら | ふつうだったら | futsū dattara |
Volitional | 普通だろう | ふつうだろう | futsū darō |
Adverbial | 普通に | ふつうに | futsū ni |
Degree | 普通さ | ふつうさ | futsūsa |
Noun[edit]
- the common, the ordinary, nothing special
Usage notes[edit]
As a noun, it is usually used with the possessive particle の (no), which makes it function as an adjective.
普通 is widely used for a variety of purposes. For example, to display modesty, one can use it respond to flattery (“oh, I’m nothing special”). Similarly, if a restaurant is okay, but not particularly noteworthy, it can be described as 普通.
普通 is also used in various conventional senses – a 普通列車 is a local train (as opposed to the 特急列車 or “special express train”), while an average student is a 普通の学生 (futsū no gakusei).
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
普 | 通 |
Noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
普 | 通 |
Adjective[edit]
普通
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