膿む

Japanese

Kanji in this term
膿
う Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology

Uncertain. Theories include, in order of apparent likelihood:

• From 熟む (umu, “to ripen”)
• From 熟汁 (umi jiru, “ripened sap”)
• From 薄 (usu, “thin, weak”) + 見 (mi, “looking, seeming”)
• Shortening of 蒸身 (umushi mi, “moldering body”) or of 潤肉 (urumi shishi, “moist flesh”)

First attested in verb form in a text from 828. Compare noun form 膿 (umi, “pus”), attested from the Nihon Shoki of 720.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) う​む [úꜜmù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

膿(う)む • (umu) intransitive godan (stem 膿(う)み (umi), past 膿(う)んだ (unda))

1. [from 828] to fester, to suppurate, to pustulate

   Synonym: 化膿する (kanō suru)

   傷(きず)口(ぐち)が膿(う)んだ。

   Kizuguchi ga unda.

   The cut festered / became infected.

   腫(はれ)物(もの)を膿(う)ませてしまった。

   Haremono o umasete shimatta.

   You’ve let the abscess fester.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "膿む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	膿ま	うま	uma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	膿み	うみ	umi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	膿む	うむ	umu
Rentaikei ("attributive")	膿む	うむ	umu
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	膿め	うめ	ume
Meireikei ("imperative")	膿め	うめ	ume
Key constructions
Passive	膿まれる	うまれる	umareru
Causative	膿ませる 膿ます	うませる うます	umaseru umasu
Potential	膿める	うめる	umeru
Volitional	膿もう	うもう	umō
Negative	膿まない	うまない	umanai
Negative continuative	膿まず	うまず	umazu
Formal	膿みます	うみます	umimasu
Perfective	膿んだ	うんだ	unda
Conjunctive	膿んで	うんで	unde
Hypothetical conditional	膿めば	うめば	umeba

Classical conjugation of "膿む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	膿ま	うま	uma
Continuative (連用形)	膿み	うみ	umi
Terminal (終止形)	膿む	うむ	umu
Attributive (連体形)	膿む	うむ	umu
Realis (已然形)	膿め	うめ	ume
Imperative (命令形)	膿め	うめ	ume
Key constructions
Negative	膿まず	うまず	umazu
Contrasting conjunction	膿めど	うめど	umedo
Causal conjunction	膿めば	うめば	umeba
Conditional conjunction	膿まば	うまば	umaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	膿みき	うみき	umiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	膿みけり	うみけり	umikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	膿みつ	うみつ	umitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	膿みぬ	うみぬ	uminu
Perfect-continuative tense	膿めり 膿みたり	うめり うみたり	umeri umitari
Volitional	膿まむ	うまむ	umamu