-lkodik
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See also: -lködik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -l (verb-forming suffix) + -kodik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lkodik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or an adjective to form an intransitive verb indicating that someone behaves as the original word.
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -lkodik is added to back-vowel words
- lusta (“lazy”) + -lkodik → lustálkodik (“to laze”)
- -lkedik is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- elme (“mind”) + -lkodik → elmélkedik (“to contemplate”)
- -lködik is added to rounded front-vowel words
- -lkodik is added to back-vowel words
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -lkodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodom or -lkodok |
-lkodsz | -lkodik | -lkodunk | -lkodtok | -lkodnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -lkodtam | -lkodtál | -lkodott | -lkodtunk | -lkodtatok | -lkodtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -lkodni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -lkodék or -lkodám |
-lkodál | -lkoda or -lkodék |
-lkodánk | -lkodátok | -lkodának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -lkodik vala, -lkodott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -lkodandok (or -lkodandom) |
-lkodandasz (or -lkodandol) |
-lkodand (or -lkodandik*) |
-lkodandunk | -lkodandotok | -lkodandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodnék (or -lkodnám) |
-lkodnál | -lkodna (or -lkodnék*) |
-lkodnánk | -lkodnátok | -lkodnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -lkodott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodjak or -lkodjam |
-lkodj or -lkodjál |
-lkodjon or -lkodjék |
-lkodjunk | -lkodjatok | -lkodjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -lkodott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -lkodni | -lkodnom | -lkodnod | -lkodnia | -lkodnunk | -lkodnotok | -lkodniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -lkodás | -lkodó | -lkodott | ― | -lkodva (-lkodván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -lkodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodhatok (or -lkodhatom) |
-lkodhatsz (or -lkodhatol) |
-lkodhat (or -lkodhatik) |
-lkodhatunk | -lkodhattok | -lkodhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -lkodhattam | -lkodhattál | -lkodhatott | -lkodhattunk | -lkodhattatok | -lkodhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -lkodhaték or -lkodhatám |
-lkodhatál | -lkodhata or -lkodhaték |
-lkodhatánk | -lkodhatátok | -lkodhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -lkodhat vala, -lkodhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -lkodhatandok or -lkodandhatok (or -lkodhatandom or -lkodandhatom) |
-lkodhatandasz or -lkodandhatsz (or -lkodhatandol or -lkodandhatol) |
-lkodhatand or -lkodandhat (or -lkodhatandik or -lkodandhatik*) |
-lkodhatandunk or -lkodandhatunk |
-lkodhatandotok or -lkodandhattok |
-lkodhatandanak or -lkodandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodhatnék (or -lkodhatnám) |
-lkodhatnál | -lkodhatna (or -lkodhatnék*) |
-lkodhatnánk | -lkodhatnátok | -lkodhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -lkodhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -lkodhassak (or -lkodhassam) |
-lkodhass or -lkodhassál |
-lkodhasson (or -lkodhassék) |
-lkodhassunk | -lkodhassatok | -lkodhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -lkodhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-lkodhatni) | (-lkodhatnom) | (-lkodhatnod) | (-lkodhatnia) | (-lkodhatnunk) | (-lkodhatnotok) | (-lkodhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-lkodhatva / -lkodhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -lkodik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)