Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garyeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥-ye-ti (“to call, cry”).[1]
Verb
[edit]*garyeti
Reconstruction notes
[edit]Only a Proto-Indo-European root *ǵar- can adequately explain the Proto-Celtic subjunctive stem *garase-. **ǵeh₂r- would have given **gārase-. Remodeling to match the ablaut grade of the present stem *garye- would have been unparalelled in Proto-Celtic.[1]
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic present, t-preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *garyū | *garyemam | *gigarasū | *garam |
| 2nd singular | *garyesi | *garyetās | *gigarasesi | *gars |
| 3rd singular | *garyeti | *garyeto | *gigaraseti | *gart |
| 1st plural | *garyomosi | *garyemo | *gigarasomosi | *garme |
| 2nd plural | *garyetesi | *garyestē | *gigarasetesi | *garte |
| 3rd plural | *garyonti | *garyento | *gigarasonti | *garant |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *garasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *garasesi | ? | *garye | |
| 3rd singular | *garaseti | ? | *garyetou | |
| 1st plural | *garasomosi | ? | *garyomos | |
| 2nd plural | *garasetesi | ? | *garyete | |
| 3rd plural | *garasonti | ? | *garyontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *garyūr | — | *gigarasūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *garyetar | — | *gigarasetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *garyetor | ? | *gigarasetor | — |
| 1st plural | *garyommor | — | *gigarasommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *garyedwe | — | *gigarasedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *garyontor | ? | *gigarasontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *garasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *garasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *garasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *garasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *garasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *garasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gartos | *gartou | *gartoi |
| vocative | *garte | *gartou | *gartoi |
| accusative | *gartom | *gartou | *gartoms |
| genitive | *gartī | *gartous | *gartom |
| dative | *gartūi | *gartobom | *gartobos |
| instrumental | *gartū | *gartobim | *gartobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gartā | *gartai | *gartās |
| vocative | *gartā | *gartai | *gartās |
| accusative | *gartam | *gartai | *gartams |
| genitive | *gartās | *gartous | *gartom |
| dative | *gartai | *gartābom | *gartābos |
| instrumental | *? | *gartābim | *gartābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gartom | *gartou | *gartā |
| vocative | *gartom | *gartou | *gartā |
| accusative | *gartom | *gartou | *gartā |
| genitive | *gartī | *gartous | *gartom |
| dative | *gartūi | *gartobom | *gartobos |
| instrumental | *gartū | *gartobim | *gartobis |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Brythonic:
- Old Irish: gairid
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. *gar-i̯e/o- ‘rufen, schreien’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 331-34 and page 49 note 39
Further reading
[edit]- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gar-yo- ‘call, cry’ [Vb]”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 153