Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaɸerūxs

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Etymology

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Possibly from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *kápros (goat) (compare *gabros (goat)), and thus cognate with Latin caper and Old Norse hafr; but the -ɸr- is difficult to explain as it normally should have become -br- in Proto-Celtic.

Stifter proposes a stem-ablaut variant of Proto-Indo-European *kápros (goat), *kápero-, which then compounded with a zero-grade form of *h₃ekʷ- (to see) to form a root noun kaperoh₃kʷs. -oh₃- would regularly yield -ū- in a final syllable and -ā- elsewhere. The Brittonic forms would thus show a back-formation from the nominative singular, as a stem-final labial stop was not yielded.[1]

Noun

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*kaɸerūxs f

  1. sheep
    Synonyms: *dametos, *owis

Inflection

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Masculine/feminine consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *kaɸerūxs *kaɸerāke *kaɸerākes
vocative *kaɸerūxs *kaɸerāke *kaɸerākes
accusative *kaɸerākam *kaɸerāke *kaɸerākams
genitive *kaɸerākos *kaɸerākou *kaɸerākom
dative *kaɸerākei *kaɸerākobom *kaɸerākobos
locative *kaɸerāki
instrumental *kaɸerāke? *kaɸerākobim *kaɸerākobis

Descendants

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  • Old Irish: cauru
    • Middle Irish: cáera
  • Middle Welsh: kaeriwrch (roebuck)

References

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  1. ^ Stifter, David (2020) “Old Irish etymology through the ages”, in Language & History, volume 63, number 1, Taylor & Francis, →DOI, pages 24-46