Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þarbō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *torp-éh₂, from *terp- (“to satisfy; to need”). The details of the semantic shift are uncertain. According to Kroonen, Germanic may have preserved an older sense “to use” which has not survived in the other branches.

Noun

*þarbō f

1. need

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *þarbō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*þarbō	*þarbôz
vocative	*þarbō	*þarbôz
accusative	*þarbǭ	*þarbōz
genitive	*þarbōz	*þarbǫ̂
dative	*þarbōi	*þarbōmaz
instrumental	*þarbō	*þarbōmiz

Derived terms

• *þarbāną

Related terms

• *þurbaną
• *þurftiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *þarbu
  • Old English: þearf
    • Middle English: thearf, therf
  • Old Saxon: tharf
    • Middle Low German: bedarf
      • → German: Bedarf
      • → Saterland Frisian: Bedarf
  • Old High German: darba
• Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu)
  • ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ /⁠ūþarᵃβa⁠/, genitive plural)
    • Old Norse: óþǫrf, úþǫrf (genitive plural óþarfa)
      • Icelandic: óþörf
      • Old Swedish: otharf
  • Old Norse: þǫrf
    • Icelandic: þörf
    • Faroese: tørvur m, tarvur m
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Bokmål: tarv m or n
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: tarv f; torv f
    • Old Swedish: þarf
      • Swedish: tarv n, tarf (pre-1906 spelling)
    • Danish: tarv c or n
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 (þarba)
• → Proto-Finnic: *tarbëh, *tarbis (see there for further descendants)