Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haifstiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱoyp-stis, from *ḱeyp- (“to ridicule, anger”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑi̯ɸ.stiz/

Noun

*haifstiz f

1. conflict, struggle

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *haifstiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*haifstiz	*haifstīz
vocative	*haifsti	*haifstīz
accusative	*haifstį	*haifstinz
genitive	*haifstīz	*haifstijǫ̂
dative	*haifstī	*haifstimaz
instrumental	*haifstī	*haifstimiz

Related terms

• *haifstijaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *haifsti
  • Old English: hǣst, hǣste, hēst
    • Middle English: heste (hapax)
  • Old Frisian: hāst
    • Saterland Frisian: Hoast
    • West Frisian: haest; haeste
  • Old Saxon: heist
    • Middle Low German: heist
  • Old Dutch: *hēst
    • Middle Dutch: *hêest
      • Dutch: heest
  • Old High German: heist, heisti, *heifti
    • Middle High German: heifte
  • → Old French: haste (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: heipt, heift, heist
  • Icelandic: heift
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄𐍃 (haifsts)
  • →? Italian: astio