Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kazą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *kasą

Etymology

Of unknown origin.

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Germanic *kas- (“to throw, toss, raise, bring up”), itself of uncertain origin (see also *kastōną (“to throw”)), though Kroonen rejects this on phonetic grounds. Other theories connecting the word to Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“bowl, vessel”) (whence Proto-Germanic *hweraz (“kettle”) and Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)) are semantically attractive, but phonetically impossible via inherited sound laws (thus, if related, a borrowing must have taken place).

Orel prefers to take the root as a cultural loanword, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *kaʔs- (“beaker, goblet”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑ.zɑ̃/

Noun

*kazą n

1. vessel, vat, tub, barrel

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *kazą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kazą	*kazō
vocative	*kazą	*kazō
accusative	*kazą	*kazō
genitive	*kazas, *kazis	*kazǫ̂
dative	*kazai	*kazamaz
instrumental	*kazō	*kazamiz

Derived terms

• *kastô
  • Proto-West Germanic: *kastō
• *kazjô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kaʀ
  • Old English: *cær
    • ⇒? Old English: *buncær (first element uncertain)
      • Early Scots: bonker, bunkur, bunker (possibly)
        • Scots: bunker
        • → English: bunker
  • Old Saxon: *kar
    • Middle Low German: kar, kare
  • Old Dutch: *kar
    • Middle Dutch: car, care, caer
      • Dutch: kaar
  • Old High German: kar
    • Middle High German: kar
      • German: Kar (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: ker
  • Icelandic: ker
  • Faroese: ker
  • Norwegian Bokmål: kjer
  • Old Swedish: kar
    • Swedish: kar
  • Old Danish: kar
    • Danish: kar
      • → Icelandic: kar
      • → Faroese: kar
      • Norwegian Bokmål: kar
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍃 (kas)
• → Proto-Samic: *kārē
  • Kildin Sami: ка̄ррь (kārr’)
  • Northern Sami: gárri
  • Southern Sami: gaerie