Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knuzlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *knus- (“to crush; grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gen- (“to squeeze; pinch; kink; bale”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈknuz.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*knuzlijaną

1. to butt; bump; knock; beat
2. to mash

Inflection

Conjugation of *knuzlijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*knuzlijō	*knuzlijaų	—	*knuzlijai	?
2nd singular	*knuzlīsi	*knuzlijais	*knuzlī	*knuzlijasai	*knuzlijaisau
3rd singular	*knuzlīþi	*knuzlijai	*knuzlijaþau	*knuzlijaþai	*knuzlijaiþau
1st dual	*knuzlijōs	*knuzlijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*knuzlijaþiz	*knuzlijaiþiz	*knuzlijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*knuzlijamaz	*knuzlijaim	—	*knuzlijanþai	*knuzlijainþau
2nd plural	*knuzlīþ	*knuzlijaiþ	*knuzlīþ	*knuzlijanþai	*knuzlijainþau
3rd plural	*knuzlijanþi	*knuzlijain	*knuzlijanþau	*knuzlijanþai	*knuzlijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*knuzlidǭ	*knuzlidēdį̄
2nd singular	*knuzlidēz	*knuzlidēdīz
3rd singular	*knuzlidē	*knuzlidēdī
1st dual	*knuzlidēdū	*knuzlidēdīw
2nd dual	*knuzlidēdudiz	*knuzlidēdīdiz
1st plural	*knuzlidēdum	*knuzlidēdīm
2nd plural	*knuzlidēdud	*knuzlidēdīd
3rd plural	*knuzlidēdun	*knuzlidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*knuzlijandz	*knuzlidaz

Related terms

• *knusjaną
• *knusōną

Descendants

• Old English: cnyllan; cnyllsan, cnylsian
  • Middle English: knullen, knyllen, knillen, knellen
    • Scots: knell; knool
    • English: knell
• Old High German: knullen
  • Middle High German: knüllen
    • German: knüllen
    • → German Low German: knüllen
• Old Norse: knylla
  • Danish: knolde
  • Icelandic: knylla, hnylla
  • Faroese: knylla
  • Norwegian Bokmål: knulle
  • Swedish: knulla