Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/westraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

PIE word
*wek(ʷ)speros

From Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros (“evening, dusk”), with the -p- passing to -t- under the influence of the dentals in *austraz, *nurþraz, *sunþraz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwes.trɑz/

Adjective

*westraz (comparative *westrōzô, superlative *westrōstaz)

1. west, western

Inflection

Declension of *westraz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*westraz	*westrai	*westrō	*westrôz	*westrą, -atō	*westrō
Accusative	*westranǭ	*westranz	*westrǭ	*westrōz	*westrą, -atō	*westrō
Genitive	*westras, -is	*westraizǫ̂	*westraizōz	*westraizǫ̂	*westras, -is	*westraizǫ̂
Dative	*westrammai	*westraimaz	*westraizōi	*westraimaz	*westrammai	*westraimaz
Instrumental	*westranō	*westraimiz	*westraizō	*westraimiz	*westranō	*westraimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*westrô	*westraniz	*westrǭ	*westrōniz	*westrô	*westrōnō
Accusative	*westranų	*westranunz	*westrōnų	*westrōnunz	*westrô	*westrōnō
Genitive	*westriniz	*westranǫ̂	*westrōniz	*westrōnǫ̂	*westriniz	*westranǫ̂
Dative	*westrini	*westrammaz	*westrōni	*westrōmaz	*westrini	*westrammaz
Instrumental	*westrinē	*westrammiz	*westrōnē	*westrōmiz	*westrinē	*westrammiz

Coordinate terms

(compass points)

	*nurþraz
*westraz		*austraz
	*sunþraz

Derived terms

• *westanē
• *westrą
• *westrōnijaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *westr
  • Old Saxon: westar
    • Middle Low German: wester
  • Old High German: westar
    • Middle High German: wester

Adverb

*westraz (comparative *westrōz, superlative *westrōst)

1. west, westward

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *westr
  • Old English: west
    • Middle English: west
      • English: west
      • Scots: wast
    • → Old French: west (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Frisian: wester
  • Old High German: westar
    • Middle Low German: wester
• Old Norse: vestr
  • Icelandic: vestur
  • Faroese: vestur
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: vest
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: vest
  • Old Swedish: væster, væst
    • Swedish: väster, väst
  • Old Danish: væster, væst
    • Danish: vest, vester