Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰruǰʰyáti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrugʰ-yé-ti, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”).

Verb

*dʰruǰʰyáti

1. to deceive

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *druźʰyáti
  • Sanskrit: द्रुह्यति (drúhyati, druhyáti)
• Proto-Iranian: *drujyáti
  • Old Avestan: 𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙 (ādrujiiaṇt, pres.part.)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (družaⁱti)
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅 (drwzynd)

  • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 (a-du-u-ru-u-ji-i-y /⁠ad(u)rujiya⁠/)
    • Northern Luri: درۊزاْ (deruze, “Lier”)
    • Middle Persian: (/drōzēd/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫉𐫏𐫅 (drwzyd)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwcyt)

  • → Old Armenian: դրժեմ (držem)