This Proto-Japonic entry contains original research . The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.
Proto-Japonic [ edit ]
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
*kara
lineage , origin [1]
course , way [2]
Descendants [ edit ]
In all of its descendants, the term has also evolved into an ablative marker meaning "from".
Old Japanese: 柄 ( kara , “ lineage , origin ” ) , から ( kara )
Proto-Ryukyuan: *kara Northern Ryukyuan:Kikai: から ( kara ) , ら ( ra ) Kunigami: から ( khara ) , ちゃら ( chara ) , ら ( ra ) Northern Amami-Oshima: はら ( hara ) , か゚ら ( xara ) , から ( kara ) Okinawan: から ( kara ) Oki-No-Erabu: から ( kara ) Southern Amami-Oshima: はら ( hara ) , か゚ら ( xara ) , から ( kara ) Toku-No-Shima: から ( kara ) Yoron: から ( kara ) , ちゃら ( chara ) Southern Ryukyuan:Miyako: から ( kara ) Yaeyama: から ( kara ) Yonaguni: がら ( gara )
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
*kara
shell ; hollow place
Descendants [ edit ]
Old Japanese: から ( kara , “ shell ” ) (voiced hapax)
Japanese: 殻 , 骸 ( kara , “ shell ” ) , 空 , 虚 ( kara , “ empty ” )
Proto-Ryukyuan: *kara ( “ empty ” ) , *-gara ( “ shell ” )
Northern Ryukyuan:
Kunigami: 殻 , 骸 ( -garā , “ shell ” ) , 空 , 虚 ( harā , “ empty ” )
Northern Amami-Oshima: 殻 , 骸 ( -gara , “ shell ” ) , 空 , 虚 ( xara , “ empty ” )
Okinawan: 殻 , 骸 ( -gara , “ shell ” ) , 空 , 虚 ( kara , “ empty ” )
Southern Amami-Oshima: 空 , 虚 ( kara , “ empty ” )
Southern Ryukyuan:
Miyako: 空 , 虚 ( kara- , “ empty ” )
Yaeyama: 空 , 虚 ( kara- , “ empty ” )
Etymology 3 [ edit ]
Adjective [ edit ]
*kara
sharp of flavor
salty
spicy
strong (of alcohol )
harsh
Descendants [ edit ]
Old Japanese: 辛 , 苛 , 鹹 ( kara )
Proto-Ryukyuan: *kara
Northern Ryukyuan:
Kunigami: 辛ーせん , 苛ーせん , 鹹ーせん ( harāsen )
Northern Amami-Oshima: 辛さり , 苛さり , 鹹さり ( xarasari )
Okinawan: 辛さん , 苛さん , 鹹さん ( karasan )
Toku-No-Shima: 辛さい , 苛さい , 鹹さい ( karasai )
Yoron: 辛さん , 苛さん , 鹹さん ( harasan )
Southern Ryukyuan:
References [ edit ]
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988 ) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition) ] (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan , →ISBN
^ Bjarke Frellesvig ((Can we date this quote?) ) “Old Japanese Particles”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) [1]