Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/nūr-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ŋîiwr-. Compare Somali nal.

Noun

*nūr- m or f

1. light

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *nūr-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*nūrum	*nūrāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*nūrim	*nūrayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*nūram
possessive forms
1st person	*nūrī / *nūrVya	—	*nūrVni
2nd person m	*nūrVka	*nūrVkumā / *nūrVkumay	*nūrVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*nūrVki		*nūrVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*nūrVšu	*nūrVšumā / *nūrVšumay	*nūrVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*nūrVša		*nūrVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *nūruya for nom. case, *nūriya for gen. case, *nūraya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *nūr- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *nūruka *nūrāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *nūrika *nūrayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *nūraka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *nūr- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *nūruki *nūrāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *nūriki *nūrayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *nūraki

Feminine:

Declension of *nūr-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*nūrum	*nūrāna	*nūrātum
Genitive	*nūrim	*nūrayna	*nūrātim
Accusative	*nūram
possessive forms
1st person	*nūrī / *nūrVya	—	*nūrVni
2nd person m	*nūrVka	*nūrVkumā / *nūrVkumay	*nūrVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*nūrVki		*nūrVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*nūrVšu	*nūrVšumā / *nūrVšumay	*nūrVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*nūrVša		*nūrVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *nūruya for nom. case, *nūriya for gen. case, *nūraya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *nūr- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *nūruka *nūrāka *nūrātuka Genitive *nūrika *nūrayka *nūrātika Accusative *nūraka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *nūr- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *nūruki *nūrāki *nūrātuki Genitive *nūriki *nūrayki *nūrātiki Accusative *nūraki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒂟 (nūrum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: نُور (nūr, “light”), نَوَار (nawār)
      • → Avar: нур (nur)
      • → Bashkir: нур (nur)
      • → Bengali: নূর (nur)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: نور
      • → Persian: نور (nur)
        • Tajik: нур (nur)
      • → Swahili: nuru
      • → Uyghur: نۇر (nur)
      • → Uzbek: nur
    • Arabic: نَار (nār, “fire”)
      • Maltese: nar
      • Moroccan Arabic: نار (nār)
      • → Bengali: নার (nar)
      • → Persian: نار (nâr)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: نار (nâr)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: נוּרָא (nūrā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܢܽܘܪܳܐ (nūrā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: נוּר (nur, nûr), נֵר (ner, nēr)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎐𐎗 (nr /⁠nūru⁠/)
    • Old South Arabian:
      • Old South Arabian: 𐩬𐩥𐩧 (nwr)