Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tamu
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼴 (tmw),[1] the accusative form of 𐽂𐼺 (tm, “hell”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas (“darkness”) from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”)[2] whence also Persian تَم (tam, “veil”).
Some forms suggest inheritence from a form *tamug or *tamuk, according to Clauson, these forms reflect different borrowings from different Iranian languages. Compare also Sogdian 𐽂𐼺𐼷𐼸 (tmyk, “hellish”).
Connection with *tam- (“to ignite”) is coincidental and based on folk etymology.
Noun[edit]
*tamu
- (Common Turkic, religion) hell
- Antonym: *uštmag
Declension[edit]
Declension of *tamu
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *tamu |
| Accusative | *tamunï, *tamug 4), *tamunïg 1) |
| Genitive | *tamunïŋ |
| Dative | *tamuka |
| Locative | *tamuda |
| Ablative | *tamudan |
| Allative | *tamugaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *tamun |
| Equative 2) | *tamuča |
| Similative 2) | *tamulayu |
| Comitative 2) | *tamulugu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “tm-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 387
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 626
- ^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 234
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tamu:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 503
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tamu”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 460