aler
Indonesian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Batuley [Term?].
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
aler (first-person possessive alerku, second-person possessive alermu, third-person possessive alernya)
- blade
- Synonym: mata pisau
Further reading[edit]
- “aler” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Verb[edit]
aler (1927 - 1972, used in the form mangaler)
Noun[edit]
aler (1927 - 1972)
Middle French[edit]
Verb[edit]
aler
- Alternative form of aller
Conjugation[edit]
- Like Modern French aller, highly irregular.
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | aler | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | estre + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | alant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of estre + past participle | ||||||
past participle | alé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | vays | vas | va | alons | alez | vont |
imperfect | alois | alois | aloit | alions | aliez | aloient | |
past historic | alai | alas | ala | alasmes | alastes | alerent | |
future | iroye, yroie | iras, yras | ira, yra | irons, yrons | irez, yrez | iront, yront | |
conditional | irois, yrois | irois, yrois | iroit, yroit | irions, yrions | iriez, yriez | iroient, yroient | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | aille | ailles | aille | alions | aliez | aillent |
imperfect | alasse | alasses | alast | alassions | alassiez | alassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | va | — | alons | alez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of estre + past participle | — | simple imperative of estre + past participle | simple imperative of estre + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Old French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- aller (less common)
Etymology[edit]
A suppletive verb, with some parts of the paradigm derived from Latin vadō and eō. See modern French aller for more information, particularly on the origin of the all- forms, which come from Early Medieval Latin alāre (attested in the Reichenau glosses), perhaps from Gaulish or from an earlier *amlāre, alteration of ambulāre.
Verb[edit]
aler
- to go (move, change place)
- c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- Li borgeiz de la vile sont as portes alé
- The inhabitants of the town went to the ports
Conjugation[edit]
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular and it is suppletive. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | aler | estre alé | |||||
gerund | en alant | gerund of estre + past participle | |||||
present participle | alant | ||||||
past participle | alé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | vois, vai | vais, vas | vait, va | alons | alez | vont |
imperfect | aloie, aleie, aloe, aleve | aloies, aleies, aloes, aleves | aloit, aleit, alot, aleve | aliiens, aliens | aliiez, aliez | aloient, aleient, aloent, alevent | |
preterite | alai | alas | ala | alames | alastes | alerent | |
future | irai | iras | ira | irons | iroiz, ireiz, irez | iront | |
conditional | iroie, ireie | iroies, ireies | iroit, ireit | iriiens, iriens | iriiez, iriez | iroient, ireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | voise, aille, alge, auge | voises, ailles, alges, auges | voise, voist, aille, aut, algeṭ, auge | voisiens, voisons, alons, ailliens, aillons, algiens, aljons, augiens, aujons | voisiez, alez, ailliez, algiez, algez, augiez, augez | voisent, aillent, algent, augent |
imperfect | alasse | alasses | alast | alissons, alissiens | alissoiz, alissez, alissiez | alassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | vas, va | — | alons | alez | — |
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 150
Romanian[edit]
Interjection[edit]
aler
References[edit]
- aler in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
Walloon[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French aler, a suppletive verb, with some parts of the paradigm derived from Latin vadō and eō. See modern French aller for more information, particularly on the origin of the al- forms, which may come from a Vulgar Latin alāre (8th century, Reichenau glosses), possibly from Gaulish or from an earlier *amlāre, alteration of ambulāre.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
aler
- to go
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | aler | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | alant | ||||||
auxiliary | aveur | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sitî | sitou | |||||
plural | sitîs | sitous | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | dji (dj') | ti (t') | i (il) / ele | dji (dj') / nos | vos | i (il) | |
present | va | vas | va | djans or alans | alez | vont or alèt | |
imperfect | aléve | aléves | aléve | aléns | alîz | alént | |
preterit | ala | alas | ala | alîs | alîz | alît | |
future | irè | irès | irè | irans | iroz | iront | |
conditional | ireu | ireus | ireut | iréns | irîz | irént | |
subjunctive | ki dj' | ki t' | k' i (il) / k' ele | ki dj' / ki nos | ki vos | k' i (il) | |
present | våye | våyes | våye | alanxhe | aléxhe | våynuxhe or alèxhe | |
present | alaxhe | alaxhes | alaxhe | alénxhe | alîxhe | alénxhe | |
imperative | — | ti | — | dji / nos | vos | — | |
affirmative | va | djans or alans | alez |
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Batuley
- Indonesian terms derived from Batuley
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- Malay lemmas
- Malay verbs
- Malay obsolete forms
- Malay nouns
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French third group verbs
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Old French terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Old French terms derived from Gaulish
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er
- Old French irregular verbs
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian interjections
- Romanian obsolete forms
- Walloon terms inherited from Old French
- Walloon terms derived from Old French
- Walloon terms inherited from Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Latin
- Walloon terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Walloon terms derived from Gaulish
- Walloon terms with IPA pronunciation
- Walloon lemmas
- Walloon verbs