cay đắng

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Vietnamese

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Etymology

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From cay (spicy) +‎ đắng (bitter), calque of Chinese 辛苦 (tân khổ).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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cay đắng

  1. (of human experience) bitter; painful; miserable
    Synonym: đắng cay
    cuộc đời cay đắnga miserable life