chafua

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Swahili

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to chafu”)

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

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-chafua (infinitive kuchafua)

  1. to soil, to make dirty

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -chafua
Positive present -nachafua
Subjunctive -chafue
Negative -chafui
Imperative singular chafua
Infinitives
Positive kuchafua
Negative kutochafua
Imperatives
Singular chafua
Plural chafueni
Tensed forms
Habitual huchafua
Positive past positive subject concord + -lichafua
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuchafua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nachafua)
Singular Plural
1st person ninachafua/nachafua tunachafua
2nd person unachafua mnachafua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anachafua wanachafua
other classes positive subject concord + -nachafua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -chafui)
Singular Plural
1st person sichafui hatuchafui
2nd person huchafui hamchafui
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hachafui hawachafui
other classes negative subject concord + -chafui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tachafua
Negative future negative subject concord + -tachafua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -chafue)
Singular Plural
1st person nichafue tuchafue
2nd person uchafue mchafue
3rd person m-wa(I/II) achafue wachafue
other classes positive subject concord + -chafue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sichafue
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngechafua
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singechafua
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalichafua
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalichafua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achafua)
Singular Plural
1st person nachafua twachafua
2nd person wachafua mwachafua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) achafua wachafua
m-mi(III/IV) wachafua yachafua
ji-ma(V/VI) lachafua yachafua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chachafua vyachafua
n(IX/X) yachafua zachafua
u(XI) wachafua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwachafua
pa(XVI) pachafua
mu(XVIII) mwachafua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mechafua
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshachafua
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jachafua
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kichafua
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipochafua
Consecutive kachafua / positive subject concord + -kachafua
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kachafue
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nichafua -tuchafua
2nd person -kuchafua -wachafua/-kuchafueni/-wachafueni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mchafua -wachafua
m-mi(III/IV) -uchafua -ichafua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lichafua -yachafua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kichafua -vichafua
n(IX/X) -ichafua -zichafua
u(XI) -uchafua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuchafua
pa(XVI) -pachafua
mu(XVIII) -muchafua
Reflexive -jichafua
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -chafua- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -chafuaye -chafuao
m-mi(III/IV) -chafuao -chafuayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -chafualo -chafuayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chafuacho -chafuavyo
n(IX/X) -chafuayo -chafuazo
u(XI) -chafuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -chafuako
pa(XVI) -chafuapo
mu(XVIII) -chafuamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -chafua)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yechafua -ochafua
m-mi(III/IV) -ochafua -yochafua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lochafua -yochafua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chochafua -vyochafua
n(IX/X) -yochafua -zochafua
u(XI) -ochafua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kochafua
pa(XVI) -pochafua
mu(XVIII) -mochafua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.