diriger

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French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Middle French diriger, from Latin dīrigere (“to direct”), simplified into a first conjugation French verb.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /di.ʁi.ʒe/
  • audio(file)

Verb[edit]

diriger

  1. (transitive) to run; to direct (be the director of)
    Il dirige son entreprise avec passion.
    He runs his business with passion.
  2. to supervise; to oversee
  3. to steer (vehicles)
    Il sait bien diriger le bateau.
    He knows how to steer the boat.
  4. to aim, to direct
    Dirigez vos armes à l’ennemi.
    Aim your weapons at the enemy.
  5. (cinematography) to direct (a film)
  6. (reflexive, se diriger) to go towards; to head (for)
    Le camion se dirige vers la falaise.
    The truck is heading for the cliff.

Conjugation[edit]

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written dirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of diriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple diriger
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple dirigeant
/di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle dirigé
/di.ʁi.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		diriges
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		dirigeons
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ 		dirigez
/di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		dirigent
/di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect dirigeais
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		dirigeais
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		dirigeait
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		dirigions
/di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ 		dirigiez
/di.ʁi.ʒje/ 		dirigeaient
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/
past historic2 dirigeai
/di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		dirigeas
/di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		dirigea
/di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		dirigeâmes
/di.ʁi.ʒam/ 		dirigeâtes
/di.ʁi.ʒat/ 		dirigèrent
/di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/
future dirigerai
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ 		dirigeras
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ 		dirigera
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ 		dirigerons
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		dirigerez
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ 		dirigeront
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional dirigerais
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		dirigerais
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		dirigerait
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		dirigerions
/di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		dirigeriez
/di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/ 		dirigeraient
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		diriges
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		dirigions
/di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ 		dirigiez
/di.ʁi.ʒje/ 		dirigent
/di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect2 dirigeasse
/di.ʁi.ʒas/ 		dirigeasses
/di.ʁi.ʒas/ 		dirigeât
/di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		dirigeassions
/di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		dirigeassiez
/di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/ 		dirigeassent
/di.ʁi.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/ 		— dirigeons
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ 		dirigez
/di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written dirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of se diriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple se diriger
compound s'être + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple se dirigeant
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant or étant + past participle
past participle dirigé
/di.ʁi.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present me dirige
/mə di.ʁiʒ/ 		te diriges
/tə di.ʁiʒ/ 		se dirige
/sə di.ʁiʒ/ 		nous dirigeons
/nu di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ 		vous dirigez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		se dirigent
/sə di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect me dirigeais
/mə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		te dirigeais
/tə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		se dirigeait
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ 		nous dirigions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ 		vous dirigiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒje/ 		se dirigeaient
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/
past historic2 me dirigeai
/mə di.ʁi.ʒe/ 		te dirigeas
/tə di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		se dirigea
/sə di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		nous dirigeâmes
/nu di.ʁi.ʒam/ 		vous dirigeâtes
/vu di.ʁi.ʒat/ 		se dirigèrent
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/
future me dirigerai
/mə di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ 		te dirigeras
/tə di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ 		se dirigera
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ 		nous dirigerons
/nu di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		vous dirigerez
/vu di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ 		se dirigeront
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional me dirigerais
/mə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		te dirigerais
/tə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		se dirigerait
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ 		nous dirigerions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		vous dirigeriez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/ 		se dirigeraient
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of s'être + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of s'être + past participle
future perfect future of s'être + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of s'être + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present me dirige
/mə di.ʁiʒ/ 		te diriges
/tə di.ʁiʒ/ 		se dirige
/sə di.ʁiʒ/ 		nous dirigions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ 		vous dirigiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒje/ 		se dirigent
/sə di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect2 me dirigeasse
/mə di.ʁi.ʒas/ 		te dirigeasses
/tə di.ʁi.ʒas/ 		se dirigeât
/sə di.ʁi.ʒa/ 		nous dirigeassions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		vous dirigeassiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/ 		se dirigeassent
/sə di.ʁi.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of s'être + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — dirige-toi
/di.ʁiʒ.twa/ 		— dirigeons-nous
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃.nu/ 		dirigez-vous
/di.ʁi.ʒe.vu/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of s'être + past participle — simple imperative of s'être + past participle simple imperative of s'être + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Dutch: dirigeren
  • → Romanian: dirija
  • → Russian: дирижировать (dirižirovatʹ)

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Verb[edit]

diriger

  1. imperative of dirigere
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